Patients with macrocysts have a two- to fourfold higher risk of developing breast cancer and should be monitored carefully while on hormone replacement therapy. Estradiol and progesterone seem to enhance the mitotic rate of breast cells and serum levels should be reduced to the lowest levels possible. Investigations are necessary to confirm the stimulatory effect of serum steroids on breast/cyst epithelial cells. The effect of norethisterone on breast tissues must also be considered. The conversion of norethisterone to ethinylestradiol may make this progestogen unsuitable for replacement therapy in breast cyst patients, but this requires conformation in clinical studies.
Recently it was demonstrated that cholic acids accumulate in breast cyst fluid and that their metabolism is influenced by sex steroids. Experimental and clinical studies are necessary to elucidate this breast-gut connection.
Endocrine-Related Cancer is committed to supporting researchers in demonstrating the impact of their articles published in the journal.
The two types of article metrics we measure are (i) more traditional full-text views and pdf downloads, and (ii) Altmetric data, which shows the wider impact of articles in a range of non-traditional sources, such as social media.
More information is on the Reasons to publish page.
| Sept 2018 onwards | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full Text Views | 130 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Online ISSN: 1479-6821
Print ISSN: 1351-0088
Strengthening biomedical communities
to advance science and health
CONTACT US
Bioscientifica Ltd | Starling House | 1600 Bristol Parkway North | Bristol BS34 8YU | UK
Bioscientifica Ltd | Registered in England no 3190519
