Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) encompass a diverse group of malignancies marked by histological heterogeneity and highly variable clinical outcomes. We performed a systematic review on potential prognostic biomarkers in PNETs by searching the PubMed database. A total of 472 manuscripts were reviewed in detail, of which 52 multivariate studies met the inclusion criteria proposed by the Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies. These altogether analyzed 53 unique targets, and 36 of them were statistically associated with survival.
Endocrine-Related Cancer is committed to supporting researchers in demonstrating the impact of their articles published in the journal.
The two types of article metrics we measure are (i) more traditional full-text views and pdf downloads, and (ii) Altmetric data, which shows the wider impact of articles in a range of non-traditional sources, such as social media.
More information is on the Reasons to publish page.
Sept 2018 onwards | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Full Text Views | 1131 | 63 | 2 |
PDF Downloads | 400 | 23 | 2 |
Alexakis N, Connor S, Ghaneh P, Lombard M, Smart HL, Evans J, Hughes M, Garvey CJ, Vora J & Vinjamuri S et al.2004 Hereditary pancreatic endocrine tumours. Pancreatology 4 417–433; discussion 434–415. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000079616)
Allard WJ, Matera J, Miller MC, Repollet M, Connelly MC, Rao C, Tibbe AG, Uhr JW & Terstappen LW 2004 Tumor cells circulate in the peripheral blood of all major carcinomas but not in healthy subjects or patients with nonmalignant diseases. Clinical Cancer Research 10 6897–6904. (https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0378)
Al-Toubah T, Cives M, Valone T, Blue K & Strosberg JR 2020 Sensitivity and specificity of the NETest: a validation study. Neuroendocrinology 111 580–585. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000509866)
Bodei L, Kidd M, Modlin IM, Severi S, Drozdov I, Nicolini S, Kwekkeboom DJ, Krenning EP, Baum RP & Paganelli G 2016 Measurement of circulating transcripts and gene cluster analysis predicts and defines therapeutic efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in neuroendocrine tumors. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 43 839–851. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-015-3250-z)
Bodei L, Kidd MS, Singh A, van der Zwan WA, Severi S, Drozdov IA, Cwikla J, Baum RP, Kwekkeboom DJ & Paganelli G et al.2018 PRRT genomic signature in blood for prediction of (177)Lu-octreotate efficacy. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 45 1155–1169. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-3967-6)
Bodei L, Kidd MS, Singh A, van der Zwan WA, Severi S, Drozdov IA, Malczewska A, Baum RP, Kwekkeboom DJ & Paganelli G et al.2020 PRRT neuroendocrine tumor response monitored using circulating transcript analysis: the NETest. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 47 895–906. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-019-04601-3)
Cai L, Michelakos T, Deshpande V, Arora KS, Yamada T, Ting DT, Taylor MS, Castillo CF, Warshaw AL & Lillemoe KD et al.2019 Role of tumor-associated macrophages in the clinical course of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Clinical Cancer Research 25 2644–2655. (https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1401)
Cejas P, Drier Y, Dreijerink KMA, Brosens LAA, Deshpande V, Epstein CB, Conemans EB, Morsink FHM, Graham MK & Valk GD et al.2019 Enhancer signatures stratify and predict outcomes of non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Nature Medicine 25 1260–1265. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0493-4)
Cesare AJ & Reddel RR 2010 Alternative lengthening of telomeres: models, mechanisms and implications. Nature Reviews: Genetics 11 319–330. (https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2763)
Chan DL, Clarke SJ, Diakos CI, Roach PJ, Bailey DL, Singh S & Pavlakis N 2017 Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in neuroendocrine tumours. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 113 268–282. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.017)
Chan CS, Laddha SV, Lewis PW, Koletsky MS, Robzyk K, Da Silva E, Torres PJ, Untch BR, Li J & Bose P et al.2018 ATRX, DAXX or MEN1 mutant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are a distinct alpha-cell signature subgroup. Nature Communications 9 4158. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06498-2)
Cives M, Partelli S, Palmirotta R, Lovero D, Mandriani B, Quaresmini D, Pelle E, Andreasi V, Castelli P & Strosberg J et al.2019 DAXX mutations as potential genomic markers of malignant evolution in small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Scientific Reports 9 18614. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55156-0)
Cohen SJ, Punt CJ, Iannotti N, Saidman BH, Sabbath KD, Gabrail NY, Picus J, Morse M, Mitchell E & Miller MC et al.2008 Relationship of circulating tumor cells to tumor response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 26 3213–3221. (https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.15.8923)
Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, Ellis MJ, Stopeck A, Matera J, Miller MC, Reuben JM, Doyle GV, Allard WJ & Terstappen LW et al.2004 Circulating tumor cells, disease progression, and survival in metastatic breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 351 781–791. (https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040766)
Ćwikła JB, Bodei L, Kolasinska-Ćwikła A, Sankowski A, Modlin IM & Kidd M 2015 Circulating transcript analysis (NETest) in GEP-NETs treated with somatostatin analogs defines therapy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 100 E1437–E1445. (https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2792)
de Bono JS, Scher HI, Montgomery RB, Parker C, Miller MC, Tissing H, Doyle GV, Terstappen LW, Pienta KJ & Raghavan D 2008 Circulating tumor cells predict survival benefit from treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 14 6302–6309. (https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0872)
de Reuver PR, Mehta S, Gill P, Andrici J, D'Urso L, Clarkson A, Mittal A, Hugh TJ, Samra JS & Gill AJ 2016 Immunoregulatory forkhead box protein p3-positive lymphocytes are associated with overall survival in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 222 281–287. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.008)
Drane P, Ouararhni K, Depaux A, Shuaib M & Hamiche A 2010 The death-associated protein DAXX is a novel histone chaperone involved in the replication-independent deposition of H3.3. Genes and Development 24 1253–1265. (https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.566910)
Ehehalt F, Saeger HD, Schmidt CM & Grutzmann R 2009 Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Oncologist 14 456–467. (https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0259)
Ekeblad S, Lejonklou MH, Stalberg P & Skogseid B 2012 Prognostic relevance of survivin in pancreatic endocrine tumors. World Journal of Surgery 36 1411–1418. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-1345-7)
Falconi M, Eriksson B, Kaltsas G, Bartsch DK, Capdevila J, Caplin M, Kos-Kudla B, Kwekkeboom D, Rindi G & Kloppel G et al.2016 ENETS consensus guidelines update for the management of patients with functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Neuroendocrinology 103 153–171. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000443171)
Fendrich V, Waldmann J, Bartsch DK & Langer P 2009 Surgical management of pancreatic endocrine tumors. Nature Reviews: Clinical Oncology 6 419–428. (https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.82)
Gabrilovich DI & Nagaraj S 2009 Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system. Nature Reviews: Immunology 9 162–174. (https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2506)
Gaitanidis A, Patel D, Nilubol N, Tirosh A, Sadowski S & Kebebew E 2018 Markers of systemic inflammatory response are prognostic factors in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs): a prospective analysis. Annals of Surgical Oncology 25 122–130. (https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-6241-4)
Gamboa AC, Ethun CG, Postlewait LM, Lopez-Aguiar AG, Zhelnin K, Krasinskas A, El-Rayes BF, Russell MC, Kooby DA & Staley CA et al.2020 HSP90 expression and early recurrence in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: potential for a novel therapeutic target. Surgical Oncology 35 460–465. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2020.09.018)
Genç CG, Jilesen APJ, Nieveen van Dijkum EJM, Klümpen HJ, van Eijck CHJ, Drozdov I, Malczewska A, Kidd M & Modlin I 2018 Measurement of circulating transcript levels (NETest) to detect disease recurrence and improve follow-up after curative surgical resection of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Journal of Surgical Oncology 118 37–48.(https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.25129)
Genc CG, Klumpen HJ, van Oijen MGH, van Eijck CHJ & Nieveen van Dijkum EJM 2018 A nationwide population-based study on the survival of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in the Netherlands. World Journal of Surgery 42 490–497. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-017-4278-y)
Goldberg AD, Banaszynski LA, Noh KM, Lewis PW, Elsaesser SJ, Stadler S, Dewell S, Law M, Guo X & Li X et al.2010 Distinct factors control histone variant H3.3 localization at specific genomic regions. Cell 140 678–691. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.003)
Halfdanarson TR, Rabe KG, Rubin J & Petersen GM 2008 Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs): incidence, prognosis and recent trend toward improved survival. Annals of Oncology 19 1727–1733. (https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdn351)
Halfdanarson TR, Strosberg JR, Tang L, Bellizzi AM, Bergsland EK, OʼDorisio TM, Halperin DM, Fishbein L, Eads J & Hope TA et al.2020 The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society consensus guidelines for surveillance and medical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreas 49 863–881.(https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000001597)
Han X, Zhang C, Tang M, Xu X, Liu L, Ji Y, Pan B & Lou W 2015 The value of serum chromogranin A as a predictor of tumor burden, therapeutic response, and nomogram-based survival in well-moderate nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastases. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 27 527–535. (https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000000332)
Harimoto N, Hoshino K, Muranushi R, Hagiwara K, Yamanaka T, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Igarashi T, Tanaka H & Watanabe A et al.2019 Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in resectable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with special reference to tumor-associated macrophages. Pancreatology 19 897–902. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2019.08.003)
Howe JR, Merchant NB, Conrad C, Keutgen XM, Hallet J, Drebin JA, Minter RM, Lairmore TC, Tseng JF & Zeh HJ et al.2020 The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society consensus paper on the surgical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreas 49 1–33. (https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000001454)
Hua J, Shi S, Xu J, Wei M, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang B & Yu X 2020 Expression patterns and prognostic value of DNA damage repair proteins in resected pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Annals of Surgery [epub]. (https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000003884)
Inzani F, Petrone G & Rindi G 2018 The New World Health Organization classification for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 47 463–470. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2018.04.008)
Jiao Y, Shi C, Edil BH, de Wilde RF, Klimstra DS, Maitra A, Schulick RD, Tang LH, Wolfgang CL & Choti MA et al.2011 DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Science 331 1199–1203. (https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200609)
Jimenez-Fonseca P, Krug S, Tamagno G, Fierro Maya F, Monleon Getino A, Rodriguez Casado CI, Costa F, de Herder WW & Jann H 2018a Identifying prognostic factors for well-differentiated metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: a retrospective international multicentre cohort study. Neuroendocrinology 107 315–323. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000492223)
Jimenez-Fonseca P, Martin MN, Carmona-Bayonas A, Calvo A, Fernandez-Mateos J, Redrado M, Capdevila J, Lago NM, Lacasta A & Munarriz J et al.2018b Biomarkers and polymorphisms in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors treated with sunitinib. Oncotarget 9 36894–36905. (https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.26380)
Kidd M, Bodei L, Drozdov I, Kwekkeboom D, Krenning E, Baum R, Frilling A, Cwikla J, Prasad V & Modlin I 2016 Circulating neuroendocrine gene transcripts – the NETest – accurately identify GEP-NETs, are decreased by surgery and predict tumor progression and recurrence. In NANETS 2016 Conference Abstracts abstract AB02. (available at: https://nanets.net/abstracts-archive/2016/412-ab2-circulating-neuroendocrine-gene-transcripts-a-the-netest-a-accurately-identify-gep-nets-are-decreased-by-surgery-and-predict-tumor-progression-and-recurrence/file)
Kidd M, Kitz A, Drozdov IA & Modlin IM 2020 Neuroendocrine tumor omic gene cluster analysis amplifies the prognostic accuracy of the NETest. Neuroendocrinology 111 490–504. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000508573)
Kim JY, Brosnan-Cashman JA, An S, Kim SJ, Song KB, Kim MS, Kim MJ, Hwang DW, Meeker AK & Yu E et al.2017 Alternative lengthening of telomeres in primary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is associated with aggressive clinical behavior and poor survival. Clinical Cancer Research 23 1598–1606. (https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1147)
Kim C, Jeong DE, Heo S, Ji E, Rho JG, Jung M, Ahn S, Kim YJ, Kim YS & Nam SW et al.2018 Reduced expression of the RNA-binding protein HuD in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors correlates with low p27(Kip1) levels and poor prognosis. Journal of Pathology 246 231–243. (https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5135)
Klieser E, Urbas R, Stattner S, Primavesi F, Jager T, Dinnewitzer A, Mayr C, Kiesslich T, Holzmann K & Di Fazio P et al.2017 Comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of histone deacetylases in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: HDAC5 as a predictor of poor clinical outcome. Human Pathology 65 41–52. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2017.02.009)
Kunz PL, Catalano PJ, Nimeiri H, Fisher GA, Longacre TA, Suarez CJ, Yao JC, Kulke MH, Hendifar AE & Shanks JC et al.2018 A randomized study of temozolomide or temozolomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E2211). Journal of Clinical Oncology 36 4004–4004. (https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.4004)
Lee HS, Chen M, Kim JH, Kim WH, Ahn S, Maeng K, Allegra CJ, Kaye FJ, Hochwald SN & Zajac-Kaye M 2014 Analysis of 320 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors identifies TS expression as independent biomarker for survival. International Journal of Cancer 135 128–137. (https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28675)
Lewis PW, Elsaesser SJ, Noh KM, Stadler SC & Allis CD 2010 Daxx is an H3.3-specific histone chaperone and cooperates with ATRX in replication-independent chromatin assembly at telomeres. PNAS 107 14075–14080. (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008850107)
Liu B, Tang LH, Liu Z, Mei M, Yu R, Dhall D, Qiao XW, Zhang TP, Zhao YP & Liu TH et al.2014 Alpha-internexin: a novel biomarker for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor aggressiveness. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 99 E786–E795. (https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2874)
Liu B, Kudo A, Kinowaki Y, Ogura T, Ogawa K, Ono H, Mitsunori Y, Ban D, Tanaka S & Akashi T et al.2019a A simple and practical index predicting the prognoses of the patients with well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Journal of Gastroenterology 54 819–828. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-019-01570-0)
Liu E, Paulson S, Gulati A, Freudman J, Grosh W, Kafer S, Wickremesinghe PC, Salem RR & Bodei L 2019b Assessment of NETest clinical utility in a U.S. Registry-based study. Oncologist 24 783–790. (https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0623)
Lloyd RV, Or KG & Rosai J 2017 WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. (available at: https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/WHO-Classification-Of-Tumours-Of-Endocrine-Organs-2017)
Mandair D, Khan MS, Lopes A, Furtado O’Mahony L, Ensell L, Lowe H, Hartley JA, Toumpanakis C, Caplin M & Meyer T 2020 Prognostic threshold for circulating tumour cells in patients with pancreatic and midgut neuroendocrine tumours. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 106 872–882.(https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa822)
Marinoni I, Kurrer AS, Vassella E, Dettmer M, Rudolph T, Banz V, Hunger F, Pasquinelli S, Speel EJ & Perren A 2014 Loss of DAXX and ATRX are associated with chromosome instability and reduced survival of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Gastroenterology 146 453 .e5–46 0.e5. (https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.020)
Massironi S, Sciola V, Peracchi M, Ciafardini C, Spampatti MP & Conte D 2008 Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastro-entero-pancreatic system. World Journal of Gastroenterology 14 5377–5384. (https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.5377)
McKenna LR & Edil BH 2014 Update on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Gland Surgery 3 258–275. (https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2014.06.03)
McShane LM, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W, Taube SE, Gion M, Clark GM & Statistics Subcommittee of the NCI-EORTC Working Group on Cancer Diagnostics 2005 Reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (Remark). Journal of the National Cancer Institute 97 1180–1184. (https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji237)
Milione M, Maisonneuve P, Spada F, Pellegrinelli A, Spaggiari P, Albarello L, Pisa E, Barberis M, Vanoli A & Buzzoni R et al.2017 The clinicopathologic heterogeneity of grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: morphological differentiation and proliferation identify different prognostic categories. Neuroendocrinology 104 85–93. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000445165)
Modlin IM, Drozdov I & Kidd MS 2013 A multitranscript blood neuroendocrine tumor molecular signature to identify treatment efficacy and disease progress. Journal of Clinical Oncology 31 4137–4137. (https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.4137)
Modlin IM, Drozdov I, Alaimo D, Callahan S, Teixiera N, Bodei L & Kidd M 2014 A multianalyte PCR blood test outperforms single analyte ELISAs (chromogranin A, pancreastatin, neurokinin A) for neuroendocrine tumor detection. Endocrine-Related Cancer 21 615–628. (https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-14-0190)
Modlin IM, Kidd M, Bodei L, Drozdov I & Aslanian H 2015 The clinical utility of a novel blood-based multi-transcriptome assay for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. American Journal of Gastroenterology 110 1223–1232. (https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2015.160)
Nagtegaal ID, Odze RD, Klimstra D, Paradis V, Rugge M, Schirmacher P, Washington KM, Carneiro F, Cree IA & WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board 2020 The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. Histopathology 76 182–188. (https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13975)
Nanno Y, Toyama H, Zen Y, Akita M, Ando Y, Mizumoto T, Ueda Y, Ajiki T, Okano K & Suzuki Y et al.2018 Serum elastase 1 level as a risk factor for postoperative recurrence in patients with well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Annals of Surgical Oncology 25 3358–3364. (https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-018-6675-3)
Oberg K & Eriksson B 2005 Endocrine tumours of the pancreas. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology 19 753–781. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2005.06.002)
Öberg K, Califano A, Strosberg JR, Ma S, Pape U, Bodei L, Kaltsas G, Toumpanakis C, Goldenring JR & Frilling A et al.2020 A meta-analysis of the accuracy of a neuroendocrine tumor mRNA genomic biomarker (NETest) in blood. Annals of Oncology 31 202–212. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2019.11.003)
Oberstein PE & Saif MW 2012 Update on prognostic and predictive biomarkers for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. JOP 13 368–371. (https://doi.org/10.6092/1590-8577/965)
Panni RZ, Lopez-Aguiar AG, Liu J, Poultsides GA, Rocha FG, Hawkins WG, Strasberg SM, Trikalinos NA, Maithel S & Fields RC et al.2019 Association of preoperative monocyte-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with recurrence-free and overall survival after resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (US-NETSG). Journal of Surgical Oncology 120 632–638. (https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.25629)
Pape UF, Berndt U, Muller-Nordhorn J, Bohmig M, Roll S, Koch M, Willich SN & Wiedenmann B 2008 Prognostic factors of long-term outcome in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Endocrine-Related Cancer 15 1083–1097. (https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-08-0017)
Park JK, Paik WH, Lee K, Ryu JK, Lee SH & Kim YT 2017 DAXX/ATRX and MEN1 genes are strong prognostic markers in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Oncotarget 8 49796–49806. (https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17964)
Patel SP, Othus M, Chae YK, Giles FJ, Hansel DE, Singh PP, Fontaine A, Shah MH, Kasi A & Baghdadi TA et al.2020 A Phase II basket trial of dual anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade in rare tumors (DART SWOG 1609) in patients with nonpancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Clinical Cancer Research 26 2290–2296. (https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3356)
Pavel M, Jann H, Prasad V, Drozdov I, Modlin IM & Kidd M 2017 NET blood transcript analysis defines the crossing of the clinical Rubicon: when stable disease becomes progressive. Neuroendocrinology 104 170–182. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000446025)
Primavesi F, Andreasi V, Hoogwater FJH, Partelli S, Wiese D, Heidsma C, Cardini B, Klieser E, Marsoner K & Fröschl U et al.2020 A preoperative clinical risk score including C-reactive protein predicts histological tumor characteristics and patient survival after surgery for sporadic non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: an international multicenter cohort study. Cancers 12 1235. (https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051235)
Roy S, Laframboise WA, Liu TC, Cao D, Luvison A, Miller C, Lyons MA, O’Sullivan RJ, Zureikat AH & Hogg ME et al.2018 Loss of chromatin-remodeling proteins and/or CDKN2A associates with metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and reduced patient survival times. Gastroenterology 154 2060 .e8–2063.e8. (https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.026)
Salem ME, Puccini A, Grothey A, Raghavan D, Goldberg RM, Xiu J, Korn WM, Weinberg BA, Hwang JJ & Shields AF et al.2018 Landscape of tumor mutation load, mismatch repair deficiency, and PD-L1 expression in a large patient cohort of gastrointestinal cancers. Molecular Cancer Research 16 805–812. (https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-0735)
Scarpa A, Chang DK, Nones K, Corbo V, Patch AM, Bailey P, Lawlor RT, Johns AL, Miller DK & Mafficini A et al.2017 Whole-genome landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Nature 543 65–71. (https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21063)
Schmitt AM, Anlauf M, Rousson V, Schmid S, Kofler A, Riniker F, Bauersfeld J, Barghorn A, Probst-Hensch NM & Moch H et al.2007 WHO 2004 criteria and CK19 are reliable prognostic markers in pancreatic endocrine tumors. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 31 1677–1682. (https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e31805f675d)
Shevach EM 2018 Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells: still many unanswered questions-A perspective after 20 years of study. Frontiers in Immunology 9 1048–1048. (https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01048)
Singhi AD, Liu TC, Roncaioli JL, Cao D, Zeh HJ, Zureikat AH, Tsung A, Marsh JW, Lee KK & Hogg ME et al.2017 Alternative lengthening of telomeres and loss of DAXX/ATRX expression predicts metastatic disease and poor survival in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Clinical Cancer Research 23 600–609. (https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1113)
Sonbol MB, Mazza GL, Starr JS, Hobday TJ & Halfdanarson TR 2020 Incidence and survival patterns of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors over the last two decades: a SEER database analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology 38 629–629. (https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2020.38.4_suppl.629)
Song YL, Yu R, Qiao XW, Bai CM, Lu CM, Xiao Y, Zhong DR, Chen J, Zhao YP & Zhang TP et al.2017 Prognostic relevance of UCH-L1 and alpha-internexin in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Scientific Reports 7 2205. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02051-1)
Stefanoli M, La Rosa S, Sahnane N, Romualdi C, Pastorino R, Marando A, Capella C, Sessa F & Furlan D 2014 Prognostic relevance of aberrant DNA methylation in g1 and g2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Neuroendocrinology 100 26–34. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000365449)
Strosberg JR, Fine RL, Choi J, Nasir A, Coppola D, Chen DT, Helm J & Kvols L 2011 First-line chemotherapy with capecitabine and temozolomide in patients with metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas. Cancer 117 268–275. (https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25425)
Strosberg J, El-Haddad G, Wolin E, Hendifar A, Yao J, Chasen B, Mittra E, Kunz PL, Kulke MH & Jacene H et al.2017 Phase 3 trial of 177Lu-Dotatate for midgut neuroendocrine tumors. New England Journal of Medicine 376 125–135. (https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1607427)
van Treijen MJC, Korse CM, van Leeuwaarde RS, Saveur LJ, Vriens MR, Verbeek WHM, Tesselaar MET & Valk GD 2018 Blood transcript profiling for the detection of neuroendocrine tumors: results of a large independent validation study. Frontiers in Endocrinology 9 740. (https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00740)
van Treijen MJC, van der Zee D, Heeres BC, Staal FCR, Vriens MR, Saveur LJ, Verbeek WHM, Korse CM, Maas M & Valk GD et al.2020 Blood molecular genomic analysis predicts the disease course of GEP NET patients: a validation study of the predictive value of the NETest®. Neuroendocrinology 111 586–598. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000509091)
Vashist YK, Uzunoglu G, Deutsch L, Kalinin V, Zehler O, Alzadjali A, Kutup A, Izbicki JR & Yekebas EF 2011 Heme oxygenase-1 promoter polymorphism is a predictor of disease relapse in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Journal of Surgical Research 166 e121–e127. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.898)
Viudez A, Carvalho FL, Maleki Z, Zahurak M, Laheru D, Stark A, Azad NS, Wolfgang CL, Baylin S & Herman JG et al.2016 A new immunohistochemistry prognostic score (IPS) for recurrence and survival in resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). Oncotarget 7 24950–24961. (https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.7436)
Wiese D, Kampe K, Waldmann J, Heverhagen AE, Bartsch DK & Fendrich V 2016 C-reactive protein as a new prognostic factor for survival in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 101 937–944. (https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3114)
Wong LH 2010 Epigenetic regulation of telomere chromatin integrity in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Epigenomics 2 639–655. (https://doi.org/10.2217/epi.10.49)
Wong LH, McGhie JD, Sim M, Anderson MA, Ahn S, Hannan RD, George AJ, Morgan KA, Mann JR & Choo KH 2010 ATRX interacts with H3.3 in maintaining telomere structural integrity in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Genome Research 20 351–360. (https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.101477.109)
Xu SS, Xu HX, Wang WQ, Li S, Li H, Li TJ, Zhang WH, Liu L & Yu XJ 2019 Tumor-infiltrating platelets predict postoperative recurrence and survival in resectable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. World Journal of Gastroenterology 25 6248–6257. (https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i41.6248)
Yang QC, Wang YH, Lin Y, Xue L, Chen YJ, Chen MH & Chen J 2014 Expression of O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and its clinical significance in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology 7 4204–4212.
Yao JC, Pavel M, Phan AT, Kulke MH, Hoosen S, St Peter J, Cherfi A & Öberg KE 2011 Chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase as prognostic markers in patients with advanced pNET treated with everolimus. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 96 3741–3749. (https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0666)
Yao JC, Fazio N, Singh S, Buzzoni R, Carnaghi C, Wolin E, Tomasek J, Raderer M, Lahner H & Voi M et al.2016 Everolimus for the treatment of advanced, non-functional neuroendocrine tumours of the lung or gastrointestinal tract (RADIANT-4): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet 387 968–977. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(1500817-X)
Zandee WT, van Adrichem RC, Kamp K, Feelders RA, van Velthuysen MF & de Herder WW 2017 Incidence and prognostic value of serotonin secretion in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Clinical Endocrinology 87 165–170. (https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13364)
Zhang WH, Wang WQ, Gao HL, Xu SS, Li S, Li TJ, Han X, Xu HX, Li H & Jiang W et al.2020a Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils predict poor survival of non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 105 dgaa196. (https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa196)
Zhang WH, Wang WQ, Han X, Gao HL, Xu SS, Li S, Li TJ, Xu HX, Li H & Ye LY et al.2020b Infiltrating pattern and prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in resected non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8 e001188. (https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001188)
Zhou B, Zhan C, Wu J, Liu J, Zhou J & Zheng S 2017a Prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in surgically resectable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Medical Science Monitor 23 5574–5588. (https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.907182)
Zhou B, Zhan C, Wu J, Liu J, Zhou J & Zheng S 2017b Prognostic significance of preoperative gamma-glutamyltransferase to lymphocyte ratio index in nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors after curative resection. Scientific Reports 7 13372. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13847-6)
Zhou B, Xiang J, Zhan C, Liu J & Yan S 2019 STK33 promotes the growth and progression of human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Neuroendocrinology 110 307–320. (https://doi.org/10.1159/000501829)
Zhou W, Kuang T, Han X, Chen W, Xu X, Lou W & Wang D 2020 Prognostic role of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocrine Connections 9 289–298. (https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0541)
Online ISSN: 1479-6821
Print ISSN: 1351-0088
CONTACT US
Bioscientifica Ltd | Starling House | 1600 Bristol Parkway North | Bristol BS34 8YU | UK
Bioscientifica Ltd | Registered in England no 3190519