Endocrine cancer trends 1990–2021: global disparities and health inequalities

in Endocrine-Related Cancer
Authors:
Dingwen Liu Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Liang Zhou Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Cheng Li Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Youyou Li Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Jiahao Liu Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Lei Zhou Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Jin Tang Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Wei Xiong Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Long Wang Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4583-2428

Correspondence should be addressed to L Wang: wanglong@csu.edu.cn
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This study provides a comprehensive analysis of global, continental, and national trends in the prevalence and mortality of prostate cancer (PC), breast cancer (BC), and thyroid cancer (TC). Utilizing 2021 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD2021) data, prevalence and death rates for 2021 were examined, with temporal trends from 1990 to 2021 analyzed via Joinpoint regression. Annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) were calculated with 95% CI. Distributive inequalities were quantified using the slope index of inequality and concentration index. In 2021, PC, BC, and TC showed higher global age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) in Europe and America compared to Africa and Asia, while higher age-standardized death rates (ASDR) for PC and BC were noted in Africa. Over the study period, significant global increases in ASPR were observed for PC (AAPC = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.89), BC (AAPC = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.37), and TC (AAPC = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.52). Conversely, ASDR significantly decreased for PC (AAPC = −0.83, 95% CI: −0.92 to −0.74), BC (AAPC = −0.48, 95% CI: −0.56 to −0.39), and TC (AAPC = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.29 to −0.17). Variations were observed across continents and time periods, affecting 204 countries and territories. Higher Social Development Index (SDI) levels were associated with a more pronounced burden of these cancers. The findings highlight significant global heterogeneity in prevalence, death rates, and temporal trends of endocrine cancers, with important implications for epidemiology and public health policies.

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