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) subunit genes, SDHA through SDHD (collectively SDHx ). Mutations of these genes occurring at the germline and somatic levels interfere with mRNA expression and protein function and have profound effects on tumoral biochemical pathways, thereby
Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
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coincidental. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gene variants (collectively known as SDHx ) can associate with PPGL ( Baysal et al. 2000 ). The association of PitNET and PPGL in the setting of SDHx variant was established at the molecular level in 2012
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cancer Diagnosis and Oncology Group, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Neurogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of ENT Surgery, Department of Neurology, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cancer Diagnosis and Oncology Group, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Neurogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of ENT Surgery, Department of Neurology, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cancer Diagnosis and Oncology Group, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Neurogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of ENT Surgery, Department of Neurology, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cancer Diagnosis and Oncology Group, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Neurogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of ENT Surgery, Department of Neurology, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cancer Diagnosis and Oncology Group, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Neurogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of ENT Surgery, Department of Neurology, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cancer Diagnosis and Oncology Group, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Neurogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of ENT Surgery, Department of Neurology, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cancer Diagnosis and Oncology Group, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Neurogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of ENT Surgery, Department of Neurology, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cancer Diagnosis and Oncology Group, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Neurogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of ENT Surgery, Department of Neurology, Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits A, B, C and D ( SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD ; collectively SDHx ), but also in VHL, RET ( Buffet et al . 2012 ), TMEM127 ( Qin et al . 2010 ), MAX ( Comino-Mendez et al . 2011 ), SDHAF2 ( Bayley et al . 2010
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for PGLs in other sites, we hypothesized that most mediastinal PGLs are associated with germ line SDHx mutations, norepinephrine and/or dopamine excess, and aggressive behavior. We prospectively and retrospectively identified ten patients with
Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sorbonne University, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
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Université de Paris, Paris, France
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(neurofibrosis type 1), TMEM127 , MAX , MET and HRAS . Cluster 3 is characterized by the activation of the Wnt-signaling pathway with MAML3 (mastermind-like transcriptional coactivator 3) anomalies ( Fishbein et al. 2017 ). SDHx genes encode the four
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Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Medicover Oldenburg MVZ, Oldenburg, Germany
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Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Plastische Operationen, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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incidentally during imaging studies ( Taieb et al. 2014 , Cass et al. 2020 ). It is well established that germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase ( SDHx ) genes predispose to pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma ( Amar et al. 2005 , Benn et al
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Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
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identify the underlying cause, and patients who have a confirmed mutation in an SDHx gene but no PPGL yet should undergo regular follow-up ( Lenders et al. 2014 , Amar et al. 2021 ). Besides PPGL, SDHx PVs predispose to renal cell carcinomas
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). Figure 1 Activation of HIF2α by frequent somatic mutations in the VHL gene is the hallmark of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). VHL is also a major PPGL susceptibility gene. In addition to VHL , mutations in SDHx , FH and MET genes
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), and PGL5 is associated with mutations in SDHA ( Burnichon et al . 2010 ). Germline mutations in predisposition genes are now found in 25–30% of PPGLs overall ( Gimenez-Roqueplo et al . 2012 ). Germline mutations in SDHx genes are the commonest
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( Lenders et al. 2020 ); (c) 2021 International consensus on initial screening and follow-up of asymptomatic SDHx mutation carriers outlining the most important considerations and diagnostic steps in the assessment of SDHx carriers ( Amar et al. 2021