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Markus C Fleisch Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 977-225A, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

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Christopher A Maxwell Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 977-225A, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

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Mary-Helen Barcellos-Hoff Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 977-225A, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

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, contains a BRCA C-terminal (BRCT) domain that directly interacts with and co-activates Smad2 ( Shimizu et al . 2001 ). Smad3 also directly interacts with the BRCT domain of BRCA1 and TGF-β/Smad3-modified BRCA1-dependent repair of DNA double strand

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H-C Jennifer Shen
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Jennifer E Rosen
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Lauren M Yang
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Sharon A Savage Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Metabolic Diseases Branch, Genome Technology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4W-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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A Lee Burns Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Metabolic Diseases Branch, Genome Technology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4W-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Carmen M Mateo Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Metabolic Diseases Branch, Genome Technology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4W-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Sunita K Agarwal Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Metabolic Diseases Branch, Genome Technology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4W-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Settara C Chandrasekharappa Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Metabolic Diseases Branch, Genome Technology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4W-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Allen M Spiegel Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Metabolic Diseases Branch, Genome Technology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4W-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Francis S Collins Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Metabolic Diseases Branch, Genome Technology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4W-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Stephen J Marx Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Metabolic Diseases Branch, Genome Technology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4W-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

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Steven K Libutti
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by interacting with several nuclear proteins, such as JunD ( Agarwal et al . 1999 ), NF-κB ( Heppner et al . 2001 ), and Smad3 ( Kaji et al . 2001 ). Recent biochemical studies implicate menin in regulating chromatin modifications by interacting

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Zijie Feng Department of Cancer Biology Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Jian Ma Department of Cancer Biology Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

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Xianxin Hua Department of Cancer Biology Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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( Yokobori & Nishiyama 2017 ). Menin regulates TGF-beta signaling and TGF-beta-induced gene transcription by interacting with Smad3, a TGF-beta downstream effector ( Kaji et al. 2001 ). Menin directly interacts with Smad3 and inhibit Smad3/4-DNA binding at

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Masaki Shiota Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Momoe Itsumi Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Ario Takeuchi Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Kenjiro Imada Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan
Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Akira Yokomizo Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Hidetoshi Kuruma Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Junichi Inokuchi Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Katsunori Tatsugami Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Takeshi Uchiumi Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Yoshinao Oda Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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Seiji Naito Departments of Urology, Anatomic Pathology, Department of Urology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan

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previously been reported that TGF-β and AR signaling mutually promoted their respective signals in PC-3 and LNCaP cells in which AR and TGF-βR2 are overexpressed ( Zhu et al . 2008 ). However, in classical TGF-β-induced pathway activation, Smad3/4 functions

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Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Kate E Lines Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Shani Avniel-Polak Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Chas Bountra Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Rajesh V Thakker Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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)-1 and -2-containing complexes and Smad3 (a TGF-β signalling component) to promote transcription of target genes; it restricts Wnt pathway target genes transcription by blocking β-catenin from entering the nucleus; in the cytoplasm, menin binds to Akt

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Vincenzo Corbo ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Irene Dalai ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Maria Scardoni ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Stefano Barbi ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Stefania Beghelli ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Samantha Bersani ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Luca Albarello ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Claudio Doglioni ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Christina Schott ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Paola Capelli ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Marco Chilosi ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Letizia Boninsegna ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Karl-Friedrich Becker ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Massimo Falconi ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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Aldo Scarpa ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
ARC-NET Research Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi c/o Piastra Odontoiatrica, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy

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( Agarwal et al . 1999 , 2003 , Kim et al . 2003 ), and with Smad3 inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway ( Kaji et al . 2001 ). Additional interactions include those with the metastasis suppressor NM23 that is involved in DNA

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Arvind Dasari
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Alexandria Phan
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Sanjay Gupta
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Asif Rashid
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Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
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Kenneth Hess
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Helen Chen Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Street, Unit 426, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Emily Tarco
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Huiqin Chen
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Caimiao Wei
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Kim Anh-Do
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Daniel Halperin
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Funda Meric-Bernstam
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James Yao
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change ( Supplementary Table 2 , see section on supplementary data given at the end of this article). STAT3 pY705, SMAD3, RPTOR, PRAS40, pT246, and Annexin VII (ANXA7) were moderately inversely correlated with % tumor size change, and four biomarkers

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Xiaoli Liu Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Chunhai Zhang Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Xiaomiao Wang Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Can Cui Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Hanwen Cui Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Baishu Zhu Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Anqi Chen Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Lu Zhang Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Jingwei Xin Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Qingfeng Fu Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Gianlorenzo Dionigi Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Surgery, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy

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Hui Sun Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China

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, as described previously ( Zhang et al. 2017 b ). Antibodies against TGFBR2 (mouse mAb, Cat#: 66636-1-Ig, 1:2000), USP15 (Mouse mAb, Cat#: 67557-1-Ig, 1:5000) and phosphorylated SMAD3 (Rabbit mAb, Cat#: ab52903, 1:5000) were purchased from

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Bethany Smith Department of Medicine, Samuel Ochin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Priyanka Agarwal Department of Medicine, Samuel Ochin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Neil A Bhowmick Department of Medicine, Samuel Ochin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, USA

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. 2011 ). It is possible that the specificity of a miR to a particular TGF-β ligand isoform or downstream effectors may limit some of these unwanted effects. Of these effectors, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 activate downstream transcription, but can be

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Douglas A Gibson MRC Centre for Reproductive Health The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Ioannis Simitsidellis MRC Centre for Reproductive Health The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Frances Collins MRC Centre for Reproductive Health The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Philippa T K Saunders MRC Centre for Reproductive Health The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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) signalling molecule Smad3 can transactivate AR and it has been reported that DHT can suppress the ability of TGFβ to promote apoptosis. Additional data examining the AR-associated protein HIC5 (TGFB1I1) in this interaction highlight a complex interplay

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