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Laura M S Seeber
Laura M S Seeber
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Ronald P Zweemer
Ronald P Zweemer
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Luigi Marchionni
Luigi Marchionni
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (791), Department of Pathology, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Leon F A G Massuger
Leon F A G Massuger
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (791), Department of Pathology, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Vincent T H B M Smit
Vincent T H B M Smit
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (791), Department of Pathology, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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W Marchien van Baal
W Marchien van Baal
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (791), Department of Pathology, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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René H M Verheijen
René H M Verheijen
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Paul J van Diest
Paul J van Diest
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (791), Department of Pathology, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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methylation patterns may provide a useful signature for tumour diagnosis and may be used to assess prognosis. In the Western world, endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumour of the female genital tract. The American Cancer Society estimates that
Mitsuyo Matsumoto
Mitsuyo Matsumoto
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Yuri Yamaguchi
Yuri Yamaguchi
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Yuko Seino
Yuko Seino
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Atsushi Hatakeyama
Atsushi Hatakeyama
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Hiroyuki Takei
Hiroyuki Takei
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Hitoshi Niikura
Hitoshi Niikura
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Kiyoshi Ito
Kiyoshi Ito
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Takashi Suzuki
Takashi Suzuki
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Hironobu Sasano
Hironobu Sasano
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Nobuo Yaegashi
Nobuo Yaegashi
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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Shin-ichi Hayashi
Shin-ichi Hayashi
Departments of, Medical Technology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Division of Breast Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0872, Japan
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absent in disease-free endometrium ( Bulun et al . 1994 , Watanabe et al . 1995 ). Furthermore, the endometrial cancer patients with aromatase-positive stromal cells have poor survival prognosis compared with patients with aromatase-negative stromal
James M Haughian
James M Haughian
Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Mail Stop 8309, PO Box 6511 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Twila A Jackson
Twila A Jackson
Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Mail Stop 8309, PO Box 6511 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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David M Koterwas
David M Koterwas
Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Mail Stop 8309, PO Box 6511 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Andrew P Bradford
Andrew P Bradford
Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Mail Stop 8309, PO Box 6511 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Introduction Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive gynecologic malignancy and the fourth most common cancer in women in the United States. In 2005, it was estimated that there would be over 40 000 new cases and more than
Naomi E Allen
Naomi E Allen
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Timothy J Key
Timothy J Key
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Laure Dossus
Laure Dossus
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sabina Rinaldi
Sabina Rinaldi
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Anne Cust
Anne Cust
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Annekatrin Lukanova
Annekatrin Lukanova
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Petra H Peeters
Petra H Peeters
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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N Charlotte Onland-Moret
N Charlotte Onland-Moret
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Petra H Lahmann
Petra H Lahmann
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Franco Berrino
Franco Berrino
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Salvatore Panico
Salvatore Panico
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Nerea Larrañaga
Nerea Larrañaga
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Guillem Pera
Guillem Pera
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Maria-José Tormo
Maria-José Tormo
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Maria-José Sánchez
Maria-José Sánchez
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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J Ramón Quirós
J Ramón Quirós
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Eva Ardanaz
Eva Ardanaz
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Anne Tjønneland
Anne Tjønneland
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Anja Olsen
Anja Olsen
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Jenny Chang-Claude
Jenny Chang-Claude
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Jakob Linseisen
Jakob Linseisen
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Mandy Schulz
Mandy Schulz
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Heiner Boeing
Heiner Boeing
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Eva Lundin
Eva Lundin
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Domenico Palli
Domenico Palli
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kim Overvad
Kim Overvad
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sheila Bingham
Sheila Bingham
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kay-Tee Khaw
Kay-Tee Khaw
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Antonia Trichopoulou
Antonia Trichopoulou
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Dimitiros Trichopoulos
Dimitiros Trichopoulos
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Androniki Naska
Androniki Naska
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Rosario Tumino
Rosario Tumino
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Elio Riboli
Elio Riboli
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Rudolf Kaaks
Rudolf Kaaks
Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Nutrition and Hormones Group, University of Sydney, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Andalusian School of Public Health, Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Research, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm E3N-EPIC, MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Clinical Gerontology Unit, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Cancer Registry, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Introduction Endometrial cancer comprises about 4% of all cancers in women worldwide ( Parkin et al . 2002 ) and is the fourth most common cancer in women in westernized countries ( Parkin et al . 2002 , Bray et al . 2005 ). Obesity is an
D Sharma
D Sharma
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N K Saxena
N K Saxena
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P M Vertino
P M Vertino
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F A Anania
F A Anania
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SOCS-3 inhibits leptin-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 ( Bjorbaek et al. 1998 , 1999 , Emilsson et al. 1999 ). Whether activation of the above pathways by leptin occurs in endometrial cancer cells remains unknown. Endometrial
Eline E Hanekamp
Eline E Hanekamp
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Liesbeth M Kühne
Liesbeth M Kühne
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J Anton Grootegoed
J Anton Grootegoed
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Curt W Burger
Curt W Burger
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Leen J Blok
Leen J Blok
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endometrial cancer can be inhibited by progesterone treatment, but generally this does not cure the patient (Creaseman et al. 2001, Southcott 2001 ). Progesterone exerts its effect through the progesterone receptors (PR) A and B (PRA and PRB), which
G Emons
G Emons
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Straszlig;-e 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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G Fleckenstein
G Fleckenstein
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Straszlig;-e 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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B Hinney
B Hinney
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Straszlig;-e 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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A Huschmand
A Huschmand
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Straszlig;-e 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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W Heyl
W Heyl
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Straszlig;-e 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent malignant tumor of the female genital tract. Increasing evidence suggests that at least two different types of EC exist. Type I is associated with an endocrine milieu of estrogen predominance. These tumors are of endometrioid histology and develop from endometrial hyperplasia. They have a good prognosis and are sensitive to endocrine manipulation. Type II EC is not associated with a history of unopposed estrogens and develops from the atrophic endometrium of elderly women. They are of serous histology, have a poor prognosis, and do not react to endocrine manipulation. Both types of EC probably differ markedly with regard to the molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation. This article reviews reproductive and lifestyle factors modifying the risk of developing type I EC, including the use of hormonal contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy and tamoxifen. The roles of established and novel therapies for precancerous lesions and for invasive EC in the adjuvant and palliative settings are discussed.
A O Mueck
A O Mueck
Section of Endocrinology and Menopause, Women's University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany. endo.meno@med.uni-tuebingen.de
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H Seeger
H Seeger
Section of Endocrinology and Menopause, Women's University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany. endo.meno@med.uni-tuebingen.de
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Endometrial carcinoma is listed under the absolute contraindications to hormone therapy (HT). According to current opinion, HT after stage I or II is still considered an option, and continuous combined oestrogen/progestogen replacement therapy (CCEPT) would be recommended. However, up to now, only observational studies have been put forward. Although none of these studies have established an increased rate of recurrence or mortality, alternatives such as phytopreparations and tibolone, or particular psychotherapeutic drugs, such as venlafaxine, should be considered for the relief of climacteric complaints. Progestogen-only therapy (PT) particularly has been considered. However, the currently discussed possible progestogen effects regarding an increased risk of breast cancer have to be taken into account. Indeed, the wider discussion about the gestagen effects regarding the risk of breast cancer is to be considered. Generally, after hysterectomy, at least for patients with cardiovascular risk factors, the preference today is to use low-dose oestrogen therapy (patches or gels) instead of CCEPT, and this is also now recommended for patients after endometrial cancer. This is to be noted because of the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma, such as hypertension, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and diabetes mellitus. However, each form of HT should be only exceptionally recommended, and the patients must be informed about the risks that exist and the use of alternatives.
Eva Baxter
Eva Baxter
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Karolina Windloch
Karolina Windloch
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Greg Kelly
Greg Kelly
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Jason S Lee
Jason S Lee
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Frank Gannon
Frank Gannon
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Donal J Brennan
Donal J Brennan
UCD School of Medicine, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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transcription ( Frasor et al. 2003 , Laganière et al. 2005 , Carroll et al. 2006 ). Although anti-oestrogens are a key component of systemic breast cancer treatment, they are not routinely used in endometrial cancer due to lack of proven efficacy
Anne E Cust
Anne E Cust
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Rudolf Kaaks
Rudolf Kaaks
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Christine Friedenreich
Christine Friedenreich
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Fabrice Bonnet
Fabrice Bonnet
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Martine Laville
Martine Laville
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Anne Tjønneland
Anne Tjønneland
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Anja Olsen
Anja Olsen
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Kim Overvad
Kim Overvad
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Marianne Uhre Jakobsen
Marianne Uhre Jakobsen
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Véronique Chajès
Véronique Chajès
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Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
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Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
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Jakob Linseisen
Jakob Linseisen
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Annekatrin Lukanova
Annekatrin Lukanova
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Heiner Boeing
Heiner Boeing
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Tobias Pischon
Tobias Pischon
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Antonia Trichopoulou
Antonia Trichopoulou
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Bamia Christina
Bamia Christina
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Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Dimitrios Trichopoulos
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Domenico Palli
Domenico Palli
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Franco Berrino
Franco Berrino
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Salvatore Panico
Salvatore Panico
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Rosario Tumino
Rosario Tumino
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Carlotta Sacerdote
Carlotta Sacerdote
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Inger Torhild Gram
Inger Torhild Gram
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Introduction Endometrial cancer development is strongly linked to lifestyle factors ( Kaaks et al. 2002 ). Excess weight is a major risk factor ( Kaaks et al. 2002 ) that is estimated to cause up to half of all endometrial cancer
