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Lauren N Pontius Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Linda M Youngwirth Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Samantha M Thomas Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Randall P Scheri Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Sanziana A Roman Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Julie A Sosa Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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institution, and comorbidity score. Annual income levels were assigned by the NCDB by linking a patient’s zip code to the U.S. Census data for the year 2000. Comorbidity was represented by the modified Charlson/Deyo scoring system ( Deyo et al. 1992

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P S H Soon Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia

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A J Gill Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia

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D E Benn Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia

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A Clarkson Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia

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B G Robinson Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia

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K L McDonald Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia

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S B Sidhu Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
Cancer Genetics, Department of Surgery, Anatomical Pathology, Endocrinology, Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia

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) can be difficult. The Weiss score, a nine-point histopathological scoring system, is presently the most widely used system for classifying adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) as benign or malignant. A total score of ≤2 is typically associated with a benign

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Bertrand Brieau Service de gastro-entérologie et pancréatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France

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Olivia Hentic Service de gastro-entérologie et pancréatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France

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Rachida Lebtahi Service de médecine nucléaire, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France

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Maxime Palazzo Service de gastro-entérologie et pancréatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France

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Makrem Ben Reguiga Département de pharmacie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France

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Vinciane Rebours Service de gastro-entérologie et pancréatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France

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Frederique Maire Service de gastro-entérologie et pancréatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France

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Pascal Hammel Service de gastro-entérologie et pancréatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France

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Philippe Ruszniewski Service de gastro-entérologie et pancréatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France

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Pierre Fenaux Service d’hématologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France

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, . 2015 Validation of WHO classification-based Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS) for myelodysplastic syndromes and comparison with the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). A study of the International Working Group for Prognosis in

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Rebecca Dobson Department of Cardiology, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
Department of Cardiology, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK

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Daniel J Cuthbertson Department of Cardiology, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK

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Malcolm I Burgess Department of Cardiology, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK

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( Pellikka et al . 1993 ), there is no current consensus on how to most accurately define and quantify carcinoid heart disease. This has led to several different echocardiographic scoring systems being developed to describe the disease, which have been used

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Mouna Tabebi Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Peter Söderkvist Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Clinical Genomics Linköping, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Oliver Gimm Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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PPGLs are considered to be malignant and metastasize, the currently existing tools to predict which ones are insufficient. Several histopathologic scoring systems have been proposed and in 2002, Thompson developed the first pathology scoring system, PCC

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Arthur S Tischler Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington Street, Box 802, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA

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Ronald R deKrijger Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington Street, Box 802, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington Street, Box 802, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA

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individual findings have been sufficiently reliable to allow a tumor to be confidently dismissed as benign. Attempts have therefore been made to develop multiparameter scoring systems for risk stratification. A seminal study of pheochromocytomas and

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S G Creemers Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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P M van Koetsveld Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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F J van Kemenade Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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T G Papathomas Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Histopathology, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK

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G J H Franssen Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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F Dogan Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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E M W Eekhoff Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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P van der Valk Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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W W de Herder Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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J A M J L Janssen Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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R A Feelders Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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L J Hofland Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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surgery ( Lacroix 2010 ). However, the discrimination of ACCs from adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) still remains challenging on both imaging and postoperative histopathological grounds. The current pathological scoring system (Weiss score) is limited by a

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Yuet-Kin Leung Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health
Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health
Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health

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Hung-Ming Lam Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health

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Shulin Wu Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health

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Dan Song Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health

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Linda Levin Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health

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Liang Cheng Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health

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Chin-Lee Wu Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health

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Shuk-Mei Ho Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health
Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health
Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Environmental Genetics, Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Environmental Health

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cytoplasmic signals of each ERβ isoform were examined separately. Signal intensity and percentage of signal coverage of each region were scored according to the Allred scoring system ( Allred et al . 1993 ). The intensity signal was graded from 0 to 3 (0

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Noriko Kimura
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Ryoichi Takayanagi Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Nae Takizawa Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Eiji Itagaki Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Takayuki Katabami Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Narihiko Kakoi Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Hiromi Rakugi Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Yukihiro Ikeda Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Akiyo Tanabe Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Takeshi Nigawara Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Sadayoshi Ito Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Itaru Kimura Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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Mitsuhide Naruse Pathology Division, Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Department of Urology and Andrology, Third Department of Internal Medicine (Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism), Department of Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Council Member Examination Committee of Social Insurance, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hakodate Hospital, Postal cord 041-8512, 18-16 Kawahara, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

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The Phaeochromocytoma Study Group in Japan
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confluent (comedo-type) tumour necrosis ( Zelinka et al . 2011 ), have been used in previous studies ( Kimura & Sasano 1990 , Linnoila et al . 1990 , Unger et al . 1991 ). Such features have been combined in a scoring system named the Phaeochromocytoma

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G Riesco-Eizaguirre
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P Gutiérrez-Martínez
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M A García-Cabezas
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M Nistal
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P Santisteban
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well-established prognostic factors can help to ascertain the most appropriate treatment and follow-up for these patients. Several prognostic scoring systems, such as the tumour node metastasis (TNM) classification ( American Joint Committee on Cancer

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