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Obesity and breast cancer Over 40 000 women in the USA die each year of metastatic breast cancer, for which there are currently no permanent cures. In fact, about one-half of women with metastatic disease who undergo therapeutic
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Introduction It has long been established that estrogen is involved in the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma, and that it sustains the growth of breast cancer cells that express the receptor for this hormone. Indeed, approximately 70
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Introduction Breast cancer (herein BC) is not a single disease, but is instead a collection of diseases that have distinct histopathological features and genetic and genomic variability linked to diverse prognostic outcomes. Recent research
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) and Little Brown and Co. Boston (USA)) The fact that estrogen is implicated as the ‘fuel for the fire’ of breast cancer is ingrained in women's psyche. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has institutionalized the principle, by warning of the
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2010 and December 2018. Tissues were obtained from mastectomy at Department of Breast Surgery in Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute. BCa samples were subdivided into ‘Responding’ (complete or partial response to letrozole, n = 60) and ‘Non
Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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-like receptor agonists and more recently, checkpoint inhibitor blockade are some of the therapeutic approaches with proven success in several types of cancer. The low immunogenicity and intense immunosuppressive environment of breast tumours limit the benefit
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Introduction Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in women worldwide, significantly affecting the quality of life and threatening the health of women ( Giaquinto et al. 2022 ). Multiple meta-analyses have shown that the risk
Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Department of Medicine Institut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Department of Medicine Institut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Department of Medicine Institut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Department of Medicine Institut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Department of Medicine Institut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. Heuson Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Fertility and Procreation Unit Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Translational Breast Cancer Genomic Lab Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Vesalius Research Centre VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Translational Genetics Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Pathology Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Introduction Breast cancer arising in young women exhibits distinct biological features and has been shown to pursue an aggressive clinical behavior ( Cancello et al . 2010 , Azim et al . 2012 a , Collins et al . 2012 , Narod 2012 ). Among the
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Over the past years there have been significant advances in breast cancer treatment and early detection. For the first time, a decrease in cancer mortality has been observed. Recently, much progress has been made in the understanding of carcinogenesis partly due to available new technologies to detect early molecular changes in the tissue. The knowledge of breast cancer carcinogenesis has provided possible opportunities to prevent breast cancer. Currently, several clinical breast cancer prevention trials are ongoing. This paper reviews issues related to breast cancer chemoprevention including identification of high risk cohorts, endpoint biomarkers, current and new chemopreventive agents as well as models to evaluate these agents.
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Introduction Despite advances in understanding the molecular biology of prostate and breast cancers, they are still the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men and women, in the United States. There is no completely effective preventative for