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Edward B Alabraba
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Philippe Taniere Liver Research Group, Department of Pathology,, Endocrine Research Group,, Liver Unit,, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Gary M Reynolds
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Paul M Stewart Liver Research Group, Department of Pathology,, Endocrine Research Group,, Liver Unit,, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Stephen J Wigmore
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Simon R Bramhall Liver Research Group, Department of Pathology,, Endocrine Research Group,, Liver Unit,, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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confined to endocrine pancreas tissue ( Doglioni et al . 1990 , Viale et al . 1992 ). A decade ago, oestrogen receptor (ER) presence was demonstrated in pancreatic tumour tissue using radioligand binding assays and Scatchard analysis ( Greenway et al

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R I Nicholson Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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I R Hutcheson Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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S E Hiscox Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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J M Knowlden Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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M Giles Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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D Barrow Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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J M W Gee Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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Introduction In oestrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells, it is widely believed that locally and distally produced growth factors engage intracellular signalling pathways that productively cross-talk with oestrogen receptor (ER

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Charline Dubois Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Natacha Rocks Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Silvia Blacher Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Irina Primac Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Anne Gallez Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Melissa García-Caballero Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Céline Gérard Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Laurent Brouchet Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France

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Agnès Noël Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Françoise Lenfant INSERM UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires – I2MC, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France

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Didier Cataldo Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Christel Pequeux Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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contribution of oestrogens to lung cancer development ( Siegfried & Stabile 2014 , Rodriguez-Lara et al . 2018 ). Indeed, elevated 17b-oestradiol (E2) levels and higher expression of aromatase predict lower overall survival in lung cancer patients ( Mah et

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A Howell
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R B Clarke
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E Anderson
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L-A Martin
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S Pancholi
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C M W Chan
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I Farmer
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C Kimberley
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M Dowsett
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S R D Johnston
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Introduction Most patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive advanced breast cancer who have relapsed on tamoxifen (TAM) are prescribed aromatase inhibitors. Unlike TAM, which competes with oestrogen for the ER, aromatase

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R Kaaks
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S Rinaldi
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T J Key
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F Berrino
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P H M Peeters
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C Biessy
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L Dossus
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A Lukanova
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S Bingham
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K-T Khaw
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N E Allen
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H B Bueno-de-Mesquita
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C H van Gils
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D Grobbee
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H Boeing
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P H Lahmann
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G Nagel
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J Chang-Claude
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F Clavel-Chapelon
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A Fournier
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A Thiébaut
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C A González
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J R Quirós
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M-J Tormo
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E Ardanaz
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P Amiano
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V Krogh
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D Palli
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S Panico
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R Tumino
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P Vineis
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A Trichopoulou
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V Kalapothaki
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D Trichopoulos
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P Ferrari
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T Norat
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R Saracci
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E Riboli
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interpreted as being the result of a longer lifetime exposure to elevated sex steroids, particularly oestrogens, which may inhibit apoptosis and stimulate proliferation of the mammary duct epithelium ( Pike et al . 1993 , Key et al . 2001 ). Finally, among

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Alison J Butt
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Catriona M McNeil
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Elizabeth A Musgrove
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Robert L Sutherland
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disease. A major issue for the development of novel endocrine therapies is that, although oestrogen has been implicated as a major etiological factor in the tumorigenic process in the breast, the downstream effects of its actions remain to be fully

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Frances Collins The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Nozomi Itani The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Arantza Esnal-Zufiaurre The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Douglas A Gibson The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Carol Fitzgerald The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Philippa T K Saunders The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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changing demographics characterized by an aging population and increased prevalence of obesity ( Sanderson et al. 2017 ). Clinically, endometrial cancers are routinely classified as having a type I or type II phenotype, with the former being oestrogen

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Leigh C Murphy
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Peter H Watson
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Introduction Oestrogens are pivotal in the growth and development of both normal and neoplastic mammary tissues ( Kelsey 1993 ), and mediate most of their action via ligand-dependent transcription factors called oestrogen receptors

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Georgios P Skliris Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Zoann J Nugent Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Brian G Rowan Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Carla R Penner Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Peter H Watson Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Leigh C Murphy Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Introduction Oestrogen receptor (ERα) status of breast tumours is an imperfect marker of endocrine therapy response ( Osborne 1998 a , b ), and there is a need for more precise biomarkers of treatment response. ERα is regulated by post

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