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Yasuhiro Nakamura
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Takashi Suzuki
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Masao Nakabayashi
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Mareyuki Endoh
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Kazuhiro Sakamoto
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Yoshiki Mikami
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Takuya Moriya
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Akihiro Ito
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Shoki Takahashi
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Shogo Yamada
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Yoichi Arai
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Hironobu Sasano
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in the prostate, seminal vesicle, and epididymis ( Thigpen et al. 1992 , Thigpen et al. 1993 ). In a recent study by Dufort and co-workers, 17β-HSD5, which specifically catalyzes the reduction of androstenedione to testosterone, was cloned

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Feng Wu Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
Department of Pathology, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Fuxingzi Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Xiao Lin Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Feng Xu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Rong-Rong Cui Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Jia-Yu Zhong Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Ting Zhu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Su-Kang Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Xiao-Bo Liao Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Ling-Qing Yuan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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Zhao-Hui Mo Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

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aggressiveness and develop more efficient treatment options. Growing evidence has revealed that the tumour microenvironment (TME), composed of the extracellular matrix and stromal cells, is a complex network, and cancer cells rely on the TME for sustained

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Eva-Maria Duerr Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology
Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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Yusuke Mizukami Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology
Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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Aylwin Ng Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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Ramnik J Xavier Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology
Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology
Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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Hirotoshi Kikuchi Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology
Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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Vikram Deshpande Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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Andrew L Warshaw  Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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Jonathan Glickman Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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Matthew H Kulke Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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Daniel C Chung Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology
Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology
Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Adult Oncology

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. Primer sequences and PCR conditions for FEV , adenylate cyclase 2 ( ADCY2 ), nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 ( NR4A2 ), growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta ( GADD45β ), extracellular matrix protein 1 ( ECM1 ), vesicular monoamine

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Aimee J Varewijck Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Room D‐443, 's‐Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joseph A M J L Janssen Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Room D‐443, 's‐Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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concentrations, in conjunction with zinc ions into hexamers ( Emdin et al . 1980 ). This process provides efficient spatial storage within the beta-cell vesicles, but dilution upon exocytosis ensures immediate dissociation into dimers (association of two insulin

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Miguel A Zaballos Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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Adrián Acuña-Ruiz Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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Marta Morante Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain

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Piero Crespo Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain

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Pilar Santisteban Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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aggressiveness. Although some kinase inhibitors of the ERK (extracellular signal regulated protein kinase) pathway have been approved for the treatment of advanced thyroid carcinomas refractory to radioiodine uptake ( Carneiro et al. 2015 ), the therapeutic

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Kristina V Wells Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA

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Margaret L Krackeler Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA

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Maitreyee K Jathal Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, California, USA

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Mamta Parikh Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA

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Paramita M Ghosh Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, California, USA
Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA

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J Kent Leach Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA

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Damian C Genetos Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA

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. Osteoblasts build bone by depositing and mineralizing the extracellular matrix The counterpart to the OCL is the OB, the cell responsible for building bone ( Robling 2012 ). Derived from mesenchymal stem cells, cuboidal OBs synthesize and secrete proteins

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Fahmida Rasha Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA

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Latha Ramalingam Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA

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Lauren Gollahon Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA

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Rakshanda Layeequr Rahman Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA

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Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA

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Kalhara Menikdiwela Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA

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Naima Moustaid-Moussa Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA

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invasiveness of both ER− and ER+ BC ( Todorović-Raković & Milovanović 2013 ) as it is associated with other pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-32 (IL-32) to induce extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and metastases of in vitro cancer cells

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Luke A Selth Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia

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Wayne D Tilley Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia

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Lisa M Butler Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia

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conditions such as boiling, extended storage, freeze–thawing, and extreme pH levels ( Chen et al . 2008 , Mitchell et al . 2008 ). Emerging evidence indicates that this stability is related to sequestration of extracellular miRNAs in various types of

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Renea A Taylor Prostate and Breast Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Roxanne Toivanen Prostate and Breast Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Gail P Risbridger Prostate and Breast Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia

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profiling of human prostate cancer stem cells reveals a pro-inflammatory phenotype and the importance of extracellular matrix interactions . Genome Biology 9 R83 doi:10.1186/gb-2008-9-5-r83 . Bonkhoff H 1996 Role of the basal cells in premalignant

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Nan Liu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China

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Sheng Tai Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China

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Boxiao Ding Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China

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Ryan K Thor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China

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Sunita Bhuta Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China

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Yin Sun Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China

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Jiaoti Huang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Urology and Anhui Geriatric Institute, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China

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visualized through the expression of GFP-LC3, which upon autophagosome formation becomes clustered on the membrane vesicles and visible as a ring structure under the fluorescent microscope. This analysis as shown in Fig. 3 D demonstrates that there were more

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