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Introduction Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy. The vast majority of thyroid tumors originate from thyroid follicular cells and encompasses well-differentiated papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. Its
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rates are also increasing significantly in children and adolescents. Among DTC, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for nearly 90% and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) accounts for about 5–10% of all thyroid cancer that occurs in the pediatric
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Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Center for Primary Health Care Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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nuclear family ( Amundadottir et al . 2004 ). Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is the third most common thyroid neoplasm (3–10%) after papillary (50–80%) and follicular (10–40%) carcinomas ( Hundahl et al . 1998 , Boyle 2008 , Pacini et al . 2010
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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-cell derived neoplasia denoted as pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (pPTC) or pediatric follicular thyroid carcinoma, while small subsets of cases are derived from the parafollicular C-cells; namely pediatric medullary thyroid carcinoma. As in adult
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Paediatric Endocrine Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Department of Clinical Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( Papendieck et al. 2011 ). In a CYP with a thyroid nodule found to have a low serum TSH, thyroid scintigraphy Iodine 123 or Technetium 99m pertechnetate can help to determine whether the nodule contains autonomously functioning
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Departments of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Experimental Therapeutics , Urology, Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Introduction Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumour thought to originate from neural crest parafollicular C-cells. Approximately 25% of MTC cases occur in the context of autosomal dominant multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
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UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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the thyroid gland, primary tumors from multiple organ systems, including but not limited to the kidney, breast, lung, esophagus, and uterus, can metastasize to the thyroid gland ( Nakhjavani 1997 , Nixon 2017 ). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often
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Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Introduction Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is one of the most aggressive and chemotherapy-resistant types of all thyroid carcinomas. The majority of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma die within a year of diagnosis ( Lo et al . 1999
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Introduction The current classification of follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer recognizes (i) well-differentiated cancer types, including papillary carcinoma (PC), follicular carcinoma (FC), and Hurtle cell carcinoma (HCC); (ii) poorly
Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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and a cell surface co-receptor (GFRα) ( Airaksinen & Saarma 2002 ). However, RET can also act as an oncogene and is implicated in development and progression of multiple human cancers, most notably carcinomas of the thyroid ( Prescott & Zeiger 2015