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Etienne Leygue Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9

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Leigh C Murphy Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9

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ERβ ( Kuiper et al . 1996 ), in contrast to the classical ERα, which can also mediate estrogen action in target cells. The discovery of ERβ has led to a full reevaluation of estrogen action in all target tissues, including human breast cancer ( Fox

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-12-0389
Volume/Issue:
Volume 20: Issue 3
Free access
L-A Martin
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S Pancholi
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C M W Chan
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I Farmer
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C Kimberley
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M Dowsett
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S R D Johnston
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compare the effect of increasing doses of E2, TAM and ICI on the inhibition of cell growth in both the presence and the absence of exogenous insulin. We investigated the effects of both anti-oestrogens on ER expression (ERα and ERβ), and measured changes

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.00905
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Free access
Anna Konwisorz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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Anette Springwald Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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Martina Haselberger Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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Regina Goerse Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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Olaf Ortmann Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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Oliver Treeck Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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estrogen receptor α (ERα) -dependent manner ( Bollmann et al . 2008 ). In the human reproductive system, estrogens are important regulators of growth and differentiation. Cancer cells remain estrogen-dependent at least for a distinct time during their

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-09-0095
Volume/Issue:
Volume 17: Issue 1
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Sudipan Karmakar Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Estrella A Foster Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Julia K Blackmore Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Carolyn L Smith Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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major problem in the treatment of breast cancer. A significant number of patients, despite the presence of ERα in their breast tumors, exhibit de novo tamoxifen resistance, while others who initially responded to tamoxifen therapy will develop

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-09-0285
Volume/Issue:
Volume 18: Issue 1
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Joanna E Burdette
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Teresa K Woodruff
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levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the early stages of tumor development and lower levels of this receptor as tumor grade increases ( Anderson 2002 ). Because loss of hormone responsiveness is linked to tumor progression, understanding how ERα

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-07-0054
Volume/Issue:
Volume 14: Issue 3
Free access
Susan M Dougherty
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Williard Mazhawidza
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Aimee R Bohn
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Krista A Robinson
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Kathleen A Mattingly
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Kristy A Blankenship
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Mary O Huff
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William G McGregor
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Carolyn M Klinge
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interaction with two subtypes of estrogen receptor (ER), ERα and ERβ. In the original characterization of ERα and ERβ mRNA tissue distribution, in rats, ERβ was predominant in lung ( Kuiper et al. 1997 ). There was no reported lung phenotype for ERα null (α

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01118
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 1
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P de Cremoux
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I Bieche
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C Tran-Perennou
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S Vignaud
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E Boudou
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B Asselain
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R Lidereau
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H Magdelénat
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V Becette
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B Sigal-Zafrani
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F Spyratos
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Institut Curie (IC)) on a series of 79 breast cancer samples. The endocrine-related target genes were in-house assays designed by each laboratory (ERα, ERβ, PR and CYP19). Similar Ki 67 and references gene (human acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein PO (RPLPO

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.00808
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Free access
Dara O Kavanagh School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Marie McIlroy School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Eddie Myers School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Fiona Bane School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Thomas B Crotty School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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E McDermott School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Arnold D Hill School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Leonie S Young School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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and translation of genes relevant to tumour progression. The oestrogen receptor (ER) is encoded for by two genes, ERα and ERβ. Though both isoforms of the receptor have been identified in human thyroid tumour tissue, it is ERα that has been associated

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-09-0216
Volume/Issue:
Volume 17: Issue 1
Free access
Ivan Bièche INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Carine Chavey INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France
INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Catherine Andrieu INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Muriel Busson INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France
INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Sophie Vacher INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Ludovic Le Corre INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France
INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Jean-Marc Guinebretière INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Sandrine Burlinchon INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France
INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Rosette Lidereau INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Gwendal Lazennec INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France
INSERM,, University of Montpellier I,, INSERM,, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie,, U844, Site Saint Eloi-Bat INM, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier F-34091, France

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Introduction The majority of primary breast cancers is hormone dependent and is associated with increased levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα). The lack of ERα expression in breast tumors is associated with poorer prognosis ( Skoog et al . 1987

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01301
Volume/Issue:
Volume 14: Issue 4
Free access
Nicola Normanno
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Massimo Di Maio
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Ermelinda De Maio
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Antonella De Luca
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Andrea de Matteis
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Antonio Giordano
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Francesco Perrone
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need briefly to describe the molecular pharmacology of ER. Actually, there are two different ERs, ERα and ERβ that are produced by distinct genes. The peculiar characteristics of ERβ will be briefly described in one of next paragraphs. If not otherwise

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.00857
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Free access