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Introduction Breast cancer is not a disease of the modern world and its oldest recorded description was found in an Egyptian seven papyri written between 3000 and 1500 BC. Although the term ‘cancer’ did not exist at that time (the
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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exposure to light at night has been described as playing an important role in the development, promotion, and progression of breast cancer ( Reiter 1991 , Claustrat et al . 2005 , Jasser et al . 2006 , Reiter et al 2007 , Stevens et al . 2007
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one has lived through the evolving applications of ICI 46,474 (tamoxifen)’. Tamoxifen, used as a long-term adjuvant therapy, burst onto the international scene in the 1990s ( Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group 1998 ). The Oxford
Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physiology and Biophysics, Radiation Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Program, Hematology and Oncology, Barton Research Institute, Center for Orthopaedic Research
Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physiology and Biophysics, Radiation Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Program, Hematology and Oncology, Barton Research Institute, Center for Orthopaedic Research
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Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physiology and Biophysics, Radiation Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Program, Hematology and Oncology, Barton Research Institute, Center for Orthopaedic Research
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Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physiology and Biophysics, Radiation Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Program, Hematology and Oncology, Barton Research Institute, Center for Orthopaedic Research
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complex process ( Coussens & Werb 2002 , de Visser et al . 2005 ). Despite recent widespread patient screening advances as well as heightened health awareness, a significant proportion of women still present with advanced breast cancer. The diagnosis of
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preparation for milk production during lactation. ERa expression is a hallmark of the majority (>70%) of early-stage breast cancers and therefore ERa is the main target of adjuvant hormone therapy in women with this disease. Aberrant ERa signalling can also
Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
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Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
Département d'informatique médicale Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Sud UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
Biostatistical Unit MRC, Cambridge, UK
School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Inserm CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over Lifecourse, Villejuif, France
Université Paris Descartes INSERM UMR-S775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
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Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France
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natural circadian rhythm due to exposure to light at night has long been suspected to have an effect on breast cancer risk ( Stevens et al . 2014 ). In 2007, results from experimental and epidemiological studies led the International Agency for Research
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Introduction Evidence is accumulating that obesity and insulin resistance are implicated in the etiology of breast cancer ( Rose et al. 2004 ). Adipose tissue is the site of peripheral aromatization of adrenal androgens to
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Introduction Breast cancer is a leading cause of female death worldwide. Each year, almost 1.4 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and the disease will be responsible for 450 000 deaths ( Siegel et al . 2011 ). This review will
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Introduction Breast cancer accounts for approximately 30% of all cancers diagnosed in women in the USA. As the second leading cause of cancer death in women, breast cancer accounts for approximately 15% of all female cancer deaths
Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Introduction Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide ( George et al. 2013 ) and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US women ( Suganuma et al. 2005 ). Additionally, one in eight US women have a