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Li Li Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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Heidi L Weiss Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

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Jing Li Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

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Zhengyi Chen Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

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Leslie Donato Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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B Mark Evers Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

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. Statistical analysis Descriptive characteristics were summarized by case vs control status and compared using the chi-square test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. First, the univariate association of continuous levels of pro-NT with colon cancer was assessed using

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Wiebke Werner Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Katharina Detjen Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Alix Bruneau Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Isabella Lurje Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Natalie Nestel Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Henning Jann Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Frank Tacke Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Bertram Wiedenmann Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Christoph Roderburg Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Linda Hammerich Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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) analyses were performed to establish ideal cutoff values to discriminate between surviving and non-surviving patients. Survival was compared using log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test displayed with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). All reported P

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Dimitrios Spentzos
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Stephen A Cannistra
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Franck Grall
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Douglas A Levine
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Kamana Pillay
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Towia A Libermann
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Christos S Mantzoros
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collection from the bigger list of differentially expressed genes. This method applies a Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test, assessing the distribution of a pre-defined gene set (‘IGF family’ or ‘IGF signaling pathway’) expression, within a large ranked gene list

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Hiroshi Imaoka Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Mitsuhito Sasaki Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Hideaki Takahashi Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Yusuke Hashimoto Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Izumi Ohno Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Shuichi Mitsunaga Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Kazuo Watanabe Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Kumiko Umemoto Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Gen Kimura Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Yuko Suzuki Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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Masafumi Ikeda Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

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available, were abstracted to complete them. Statistical analysis The nonparametric Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient ( r s ) or Pearson correlation coefficient (rp) were used to evaluate the correlations between potential surrogate markers and

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Tobias Zellweger
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Susanne Stürm Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland

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Silvia Rey Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland

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Inti Zlobec Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland

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Joel R Gsponer Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland

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Cyrill A Rentsch Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland

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Luigi M Terracciano Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexander Bachmann Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland

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Lukas Bubendorf Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland

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Christian Ruiz Department of Urology, Institute for Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Department of Urology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland

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., Cary, NC, USA). Differences between two groups were analyzed with the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test; differences between more than two groups were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis Rank Sum test. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and

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Veronica R Placencio-Hickok Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Anisha Madhav Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Sungjin Kim Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Frank Duong Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Bryan Angara Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Zhenqiu Liu Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

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Neil A Bhowmick Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Research, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

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biochemical recurrence in those with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level ≤10. Univariate associations between the level of sCD105 and other variables were examined with Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or Spearman rank correlation, where

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Julie Refardt ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Wouter T Zandee ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Tessa Brabander ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Richard A Feelders ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Gaston J H Franssen Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Leo J Hofland ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Emanuel Christ ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Wouter W de Herder ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Johannes Hofland ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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parts. First, data of all eligible patients were evaluated according to their SSTR status. Survival rates (= survival from date of diagnosis to last date of follow-up or death) were calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method, the log-rank test was used to

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Frédérique Végran Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biostatistics and epidemiological unit, EA 4184, Centre Georges‐François Leclerc, IFR Santé‐STIC, 1 Rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France

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Romain Boidot Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biostatistics and epidemiological unit, EA 4184, Centre Georges‐François Leclerc, IFR Santé‐STIC, 1 Rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France

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Franck Bonnetain Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biostatistics and epidemiological unit, EA 4184, Centre Georges‐François Leclerc, IFR Santé‐STIC, 1 Rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France

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Muriel Cadouot Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biostatistics and epidemiological unit, EA 4184, Centre Georges‐François Leclerc, IFR Santé‐STIC, 1 Rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France

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Sandy Chevrier Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biostatistics and epidemiological unit, EA 4184, Centre Georges‐François Leclerc, IFR Santé‐STIC, 1 Rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France

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Sarab Lizard-Nacol Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biostatistics and epidemiological unit, EA 4184, Centre Georges‐François Leclerc, IFR Santé‐STIC, 1 Rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France

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Spearman rank correlation. Cloning and stable transfection of tumor cell lines were reported in Supplementary information , see section on supplementary data given at the end of this article. Statistical analysis All analyses were performed with Stata (v

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Hiroko Yamashita
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Mariko Nishio
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Tatsuya Toyama
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Hiroshi Sugiura
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Naoto Kondo
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Shunzo Kobayashi
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Yoshitaka Fujii
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Hirotaka Iwase Oncology, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan

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/100–1/10; score=3, 1/10–1/2; score=4, >1/2. Statistical analysis The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the IHC scores of molecular markers with clinicopathological characteristics. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to study relationships among

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Tom Lees Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Angharad Cullinane Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Alexandra Condon Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Abeer M Shabaan Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Matthew P Humphries Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Valerie Speirs Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

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that higher levels of CD8 in the tumour stroma had a statistically significant negative effect on survival duration ( P  = 0.016, log rank; Fig. 3A ). In addition to using CD68 to detect CLS, in these same sections, we also examined the impact of CD68

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