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Kara Britt Institute of Cancer Research,, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research,, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
Institute of Cancer Research,, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research,, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK

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Alan Ashworth Institute of Cancer Research,, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research,, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK

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Matthew Smalley Institute of Cancer Research,, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research,, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK

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Introduction The only factor known to consistently decrease lifetime breast cancer risk regardless of ethnicity is early childbirth ( MacMahon et al . 1970 , Henderson et al . 1974 , Kelsey et al . 1993 ). Women who have undergone a first full

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Manami Inoue Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan

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Shoichiro Tsugane Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan

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Introduction A substantial body of epidemiological evidence over recent decades has suggested a positive link between excess bodyweight and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and many types of cancer. Studies have also suggested an inverse association

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Tesa M Severson Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Wilbert Zwart Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Introduction Male breast cancer is rare, accounting for around 1% of all breast cancers ( Siegel et al. 2016 ) and is frequently positive for ERα (91–95%) and/or PR (80–81%) ( Giordano et al. 2004 , Anderson et al. 2010 , Nilsson et

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Tung Hoang Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

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Quy Nguyen Ngoc Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

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Jeonghee Lee Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

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Eun Kyung Lee Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

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Yul Hwangbo Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

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Jeongseon Kim Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

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Introduction Thyroid cancer remains the ninth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for an estimated 567,000 cases in 2018 ( Bray et al. 2018 ). According to the national cancer data updated by the National Center Cancer Registry of Korea

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Sunmi Park Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Mark C Willingham Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Jun Qi Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Sheue-Yann Cheng Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Introduction Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. It consists of an array of different histologic and biologic types, but the most common are differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs). While the overall survival of patients

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Steven M Hill Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Victoria P Belancio Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Robert T Dauchy Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Shulin Xiang Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Samantha Brimer Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Lulu Mao Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Adam Hauch Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Peter W Lundberg Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Whitney Summers Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Lin Yuan Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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Tripp Frasch Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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David E Blask Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Department of Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Circadian Cancer Biology Group, Tulane Center for Circadian Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

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environmental changes. Similarly, the multitude of processes that govern cancer initiation, promotion, and progression, including invasion and metastasis, are temporally modulated by the host's circadian rhythmic outputs from the central circadian pacemaker in

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Phungern Khongthong Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Antonia K Roseweir Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Joanne Edwards Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Introduction Oestrogen receptor α-positive (ER+) breast cancer constitutes more than 70% of all breast cancers ( Cardoso et al. 2012 ). Both early and metastatic disease are treated effectively with endocrine therapies, which downregulate

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Robert C Smallridge Division of Endocrinology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Internal Medicine

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Laura A Marlow Division of Endocrinology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Internal Medicine

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John A Copland Division of Endocrinology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Internal Medicine

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Incidence Thyroid cancers, while uncommon, are increasing in prevalence in this country due, at least in part, to earlier detection from imaging. In 2008, there are estimated to be 37 340 new cases, with 1590 deaths ( Jemal et al . 2008

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Xianhui Ruan Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China

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Xianle Shi State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

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Qiman Dong State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

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Yang Yu Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China

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Xiukun Hou Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China

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Xinhao Song State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

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Xi Wei Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China

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Lingyi Chen State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

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Ming Gao Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China

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Introduction Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of endocrine system, with a rapid worldwide increase over recent decades ( Enewold et al. 2009 , Kilfoy et al. 2009 , Chen et al. 2016 ). The disease is classified into three types

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Shyh-Han Tan Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 309, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA

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Marja T Nevalainen Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 309, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA

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, Kindblom et al . 2002 , 2003 ). Autocrine PRL in prostate and breast tissue became important findings, since local production of PRL provided an explanation as to why the results of studies trying to link breast or prostate cancer incidence or progression

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