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Chiara Verdelli
Chiara Verdelli
Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Irene Forno
Irene Forno
Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Annamaria Morotti
Annamaria Morotti
Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Endocrine Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Endocrine Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Riccardo Maggiore
Riccardo Maggiore
Endocrine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Gilberto Mari
Gilberto Mari
Endocrine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Leonardo Vicentini
Leonardo Vicentini
Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Stefano Ferrero
Stefano Ferrero
Endocrine Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Elisabetta Kuhn
Elisabetta Kuhn
Endocrine Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Valentina Vaira
Valentina Vaira
Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Sabrina Corbetta
Sabrina Corbetta
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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glands ( Rahbari et al . 2011 , Hu et al . 2018 ). Besides, miR-296-5p was downregulated in parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas compared with normal glands ( Corbetta et al . 2010 ). MicroRNA-126-3p and miRNA-126-5p are both derived from the pre
Annu Makker
Annu Makker
Post Graduate Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Madhu Mati Goel
Madhu Mati Goel
Post Graduate Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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progression ( Thiery 2002 ). Figure 1 Schematic illustration of the major molecular pathways and transcription factors associated with EMT program in EEC. Several microRNAs regulate the EMT inducing signaling pathways and the core EMT regulators. Sharp arrows
Teeranut Asavasupreechar
Teeranut Asavasupreechar
Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
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Ryoko Saito-Koyama
Ryoko Saito-Koyama
Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
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Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
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Yasuhiro Miki
Yasuhiro Miki
Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
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Keiichi Tamai
Keiichi Tamai
Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
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Jiro Abe
Jiro Abe
Division of Thoracic Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
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Chihiro Inoue
Chihiro Inoue
Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
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Ikuro Sato
Ikuro Sato
Division of Pathology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
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Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hironobu Sasano
Hironobu Sasano
Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Tōhoku, Japan
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outcomes in breast cancer and NSCLC remains unclear. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in PR regulation ( Renthal et al. 2010 , Wendler et al. 2011 , Yang & Wang 2011 ). Progesterone and PR regulate the
Marion T Weigel
Marion T Weigel
The Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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Mitch Dowsett
Mitch Dowsett
The Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
The Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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The Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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in their blood. In addition, the occurrence of tumor-specific microRNA species in the tumor and blood of breast cancer patients has been investigated. Specific expression patterns have been described ( Iorio et al . 2005 , Mattie et al . 2006
A R Glover
A R Glover
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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J T Zhao
J T Zhao
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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J C Ip
J C Ip
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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J C Lee
J C Lee
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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B G Robinson
B G Robinson
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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A J Gill
A J Gill
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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P S H Soon
P S H Soon
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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S B Sidhu
S B Sidhu
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Departments of Endocrinology, Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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being greatly advanced by the advent of high-throughput genomic medicine, which has shown that ACCs have distinct genome-wide expression, microRNA expression and methylation profiles compared with adrenal cortical adenomas (ACAs) and normal adrenal
Michael A Hahn
Michael A Hahn
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Viive M Howell
Viive M Howell
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Anthony J Gill
Anthony J Gill
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Adele Clarkson
Adele Clarkson
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Graham Weaire-Buchanan
Graham Weaire-Buchanan
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Bruce G Robinson
Bruce G Robinson
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Leigh Delbridge
Leigh Delbridge
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Oliver Gimm
Oliver Gimm
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Wolfgang D Schmitt
Wolfgang D Schmitt
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Bin T Teh
Bin T Teh
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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Deborah J Marsh
Deborah J Marsh
Hormones and Cancer Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute of Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
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regulate parafibromin, or still other mechanisms of regulatory inactivation such as targeting by microRNAs ( Ross et al . 2007 , Corbetta et al . 2009 ). Declaration of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that
Patricia L M Dahia
Patricia L M Dahia
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Roderick Clifton-Bligh
Roderick Clifton-Bligh
Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Clinical School, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Genetics Department, Paris, France
Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
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Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
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Mercedes Robledo
Mercedes Robledo
AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Genetics Department, Paris, France
Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
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Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
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Camilo Jimenez
Camilo Jimenez
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are adrenal or extra-adrenal autonomous nervous system-derived tumors. Most PPGLs are benign, but approximately 15% progress with metastases (mPPGLs). mPPGLs are more likely to occur in patients with large pheochromocytomas, sympathetic paragangliomas, and norepinephrine-secreting tumors. Older subjects, those with larger tumors and synchronous metastases, advance more rapidly. Germline mutations of SDHB, FH, and possibly SLC25A11, or somatic MAML3 disruptions relate to a higher risk for metastatic disease. However, it is unclear whether these mutations predict outcome. Once diagnosed, there are no well-established predictors of outcome in mPPGLs, and aggressive tumors have few therapeutic options and limited response. High-specific activity (HSA) metaiodine-benzyl-guanidine (MIBG) is the first FDA approved treatment and shows clinical effectiveness for MIBG-avid mPPGLs. Ongoing and future investigations should involve validation of emerging candidate outcome biomarkers, including somatic ATRX, TERT, and microRNA disruptions and identification of novel prognostic indicators. Long-term effect of HSA-MIBG and the role of other radiopharmaceuticals should be investigated. Novel trials targeting molecular events prevalent in SDHB/FH mutant tumors, such as activated hypoxia inducible factor 2 (HIF2), angiogenesis, or other mitochondrial defects that might confer unique vulnerability to these tumors should be developed and initiated. As therapeutic options are anticipated to expand, multi-institutional collaborations and well-defined clinical and molecular endpoints will be critical to achieve higher success rates in improving care for patients with mPPGLs.
The journal and typesetter apologise for an error that occurred in the paper by Lassalle et al . in the October 2011 issue of Endocrine-Related Cancer 18 579–594 entitled ‘Can the microRNA signature distinguish between thyroid tumors of
Myriem Boufraqech
Myriem Boufraqech
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Lisa Zhang
Lisa Zhang
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Meenu Jain
Meenu Jain
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Dhaval Patel
Dhaval Patel
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Ryan Ellis
Ryan Ellis
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Yin Xiong
Yin Xiong
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Mei He
Mei He
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Naris Nilubol
Naris Nilubol
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Maria J Merino
Maria J Merino
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Electron Kebebew
Electron Kebebew
Endocrine Oncology Branch Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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mutations occur as mutually exclusive genetic events and can result in microRNA (miRNA) and epigenetic changes. miRNAs are short (∼19–22 nucleotides), highly conserved noncoding RNA sequences that bind to the 3′-UTR of multiple transcripts. Several studies
William D Foulkes
William D Foulkes
Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, 546 Pine Avenue West, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1S6
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begun to be explored – that of non-coding RNAs. As well as the well-known microRNAs (of which there are nearly 1000 known species), non-coding RNAs include PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs), small nucleolar RNAs
