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Introduction Functional imaging has become critical for gastro–entero–pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP NEN) ( Krenning et al . 1994 , Baudin 2007 ). Somatostatin receptors (sst) are expressed by these tumors, and somatostatin receptor
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‘Vita-Salute’ San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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‘Vita-Salute’ San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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OR pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm OR pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms OR Adenomas, Islet Cell OR Islet Cell Adenoma OR Islet Cell Adenomas OR Islet Cell Tumor OR Islet Cell Tumors OR Tumor, Islet Cell OR Tumors, Islet Cell OR Island Cell Tumor
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Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit and Department of Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Introduction Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) develop from cells of neuroendocrine differentiation distributed throughout the body, most commonly in the small intestine, lung and pancreas (PanNENs) ( Dasari et al. 2017 ). PanNENs were
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Introduction Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are also referred to as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) or ‘carcinoids’, although this term is archaic and should be discarded in favor of a nomenclature reflective of specific
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Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
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curves usually observed ( den Bakker et al . 2010 , Righi et al . 2010 , Ha et al . 2012 ). An effective grading system for digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms was recently introduced by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) and endorsed
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Introduction Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) occur rarely with an annual incidence of 1/100 000 people, but their incidence is increasing steadily ( Oberg & Eriksson 2005 ). pNENs present as either functional pNENs or non
Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Preclinical MRI Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Translational Oncology of Solid Tumours, Berlin, Germany
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Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, University of Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumours of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System at the University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, University of Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Organisation (WHO) classification ( Rindi et al. 2022 ) NECs fall under the class of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms which are characterised by abundant necrosis, a high Ki-67, small or large cell morphology and low expression of somatostatin
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University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Introduction Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) arise from neuroendocrine systems and often occur in tissues, such as lung, pancreas and pituitary tissues ( Ohki et al. 2014 , Gao et al. 2018 ). However, due to the low incidence and the lack
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Introduction Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNN) account for <3% of pancreatic tumors ( Ehehalt et al . 2009 ). Current therapy is complete surgical resection ( Fendrich et al . 2006 ), which is however achieved in the minority of cases
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Introduction Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies. While the incidence of NENs was relatively low, with 6.98 cases per 100,000 adults in 2012, the incidence