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Mylène Honorat Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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Aurelia Mesnier Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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Julie Vendrell Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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Jérôme Guitton Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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Ivan Bieche Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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Rosette Lidereau Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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Gary D Kruh Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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Charles Dumontet Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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Pascale Cohen Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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Lea Payen Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France
Université de Lyon, Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Laboratoire de Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, Centre René Huguenin, Inserm, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon F-69008, France

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; Howell 2006 ). However, almost all responding patients acquire resistance to TAM. Several mechanisms for this phenomenon have been suggested, including alteration of the availability or metabolism of TAM, alterations in the function of the ER-α and in the

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Patricia de Cremoux Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Dan Rosenberg Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Jacques Goussard Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Catherine Brémont-Weil Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Frédérique Tissier Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Carine Tran-Perennou Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Lionnel Groussin Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Xavier Bertagna Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Jérôme Bertherat Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Marie-Laure Raffin-Sanson Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
Unité de Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, INSERM, Département d'Endocrinologie Métabolisme and Cancer, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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cancers of the breast and other female reproductive organs ( Graham & Clarke 1997 , Rossouw et al . 2002 ). Estrogen signals through two subtypes of estradiol receptor (ER), ERα and ERβ encoded by two different genes. The expression of PR and ER has been

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Edward B Alabraba
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Philippe Taniere Liver Research Group, Department of Pathology,, Endocrine Research Group,, Liver Unit,, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Gary M Reynolds
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Paul M Stewart Liver Research Group, Department of Pathology,, Endocrine Research Group,, Liver Unit,, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Stephen J Wigmore
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Simon R Bramhall Liver Research Group, Department of Pathology,, Endocrine Research Group,, Liver Unit,, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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antibodies diluted in TBS/Tween (pH 7.6): anti-gastrin antibody (Novo-Castra, GASp) anti-PP (Novo-Castra, NCL-PPp) anti-insulin (Novo-Castra, insulin) anti-ERα mAb (Dako, 1D5) anti-ERβ mAb (Labvision, RB-10658-P) anti-PR mAb (Dako, PR636) anti

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Rosalinda M Savoy Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, VA Northern California Health Care System, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, VA Northern California Health Care System, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA

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Paramita M Ghosh Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, VA Northern California Health Care System, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, VA Northern California Health Care System, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, VA Northern California Health Care System, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA

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observation that ERβ levels correlate with survival in HNPC but not in CRPC ( Zellweger et al . 2013 ). Strikingly, ERα, which plays such a prominent role in breast cancer development and progression, does not seem to change much – or even be expressed at

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Jill I Murray Deeley Research Centre, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5

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Nathan R West Deeley Research Centre, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5

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Leigh C Murphy Deeley Research Centre, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5

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Peter H Watson Deeley Research Centre, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5
Deeley Research Centre, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5
Deeley Research Centre, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5

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that connect them. In breast cancer, the estrogen receptor alpha (Erα (ESR1)) is an important target for a group of therapies collectively known as endocrine therapies. The ESR1 is a nuclear transcription factor that not only guides and serves as a

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Jaesung (Peter) Choi
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Reena Desai
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Yu Zheng
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Mu Yao ANZAC Research Institute, Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia

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Qihan Dong ANZAC Research Institute, Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia

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Geoff Watson ANZAC Research Institute, Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia

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David J Handelsman
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Ulla Simanainen
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interact in breast and prostate cancers ( Wang et al . 2011 ) and they cross-regulate by reciprocal feedback ( Carver et al . 2011 , Mulholland et al . 2011 ). Furthermore, PTENKO increases ERα expression in EC cells ( Lian et al . 2006 ) and activates

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Alistair Ring Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Rd, London. SW3 6JJ, UK

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Mitch Dowsett Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Rd, London. SW3 6JJ, UK

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form in which the ER mediates these non-genomic effects and its cellular localisation requires further study. However using Western blotting, ERα has been shown to be present in the plasmalemmal caveolae ( Kim et al. 1999 ), and in further studies a

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Jaesung (Peter) Choi ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Yu Zheng ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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David J Handelsman ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Ulla Simanainen ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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brief, sections were microwaved with 10mM citric acid, pH 6 for antigen retrieval for 12min. Pierce SuperBlock (Thermo Scientific; containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin) was used as a blocking solution, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) (SC-542, Santa

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T Suzuki
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S Hayashi
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Y Miki
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Y Nakamura
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T Moriya
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A Sugawara
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T Ishida
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N Ohuchi
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H Sasano
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RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ have been previously reported by the authors ( Sugawara et al. 1995 , Suzuki et al. 2001 ). Monoclonal antibodies for ERα (ER1D5), progesterone receptor (PR; MAB429), Ki-67 (MIB1), p21 (6B6), p27 (1B4), c-Myc (1-6E10), pS2 (M

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Valentina Martineti
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Lucia Picariello
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Isabella Tognarini
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Silvia Carbonell Sala
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Alessia Gozzini
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Chiara Azzari
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Carmelo Mavilia
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Annalisa Tanini
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Alberto Falchetti
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Gianna Fiorelli
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Francesco Tonelli
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Maria Luisa Brandi
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colonic epithelium. In fact, the expression of both oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα and ERβ, has been demonstrated in colon cancer cell lines ( Fiorelli et al. 1999 , Arai et al. 2000 , Nakayama et al. 2000 , Campbell-Thompson et al. 2001

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