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Taymeyah Al-Toubah Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Stefano Partelli Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Milano, Italy
Università, Vita e Salute, Milan, Italy

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Mauro Cives Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

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Valentina Andreasi Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Milano, Italy

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Franco Silvestris Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

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Massimo Falconi Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Milano, Italy
Università, Vita e Salute, Milan, Italy

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Daniel A Anaya Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Jonathan Strosberg Department of GI Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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-grade tumors are defined as having a mitotic rate of 0–1 per ten high powered fields (HPF) or Ki-67 index of 0–2%, intermediate-grade tumors having a mitotic rate of 2–20 or Ki-67 index of 3–20% and high-grade tumors having a mitotic rate or Ki-67 index >20

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Sisi He Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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Liqian Ma Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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Amy E Baek Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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Anna Vardanyan Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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Varsha Vembar Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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Joy J Chen Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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Adam T Nelson Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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Joanna E Burdette Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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Erik R Nelson Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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present as high-grade serous carcinomas. Although the ovary itself was considered as the origin of ovarian cancer ( Meyn & Lim 2017 ), recent evidence suggests that the fallopian tube (oviduct) is likely the origin for the majority of high-grade serous

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Annu Makker Post Graduate Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Madhu Mati Goel Post Graduate Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India

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addition, progesterone inhibited cancer cell migration in Ishikawa cell line due to inhibition of EMT. In high grade EECs showing more widespread myometrial invasion, loss of PR was strongly associated with increased expression of CD44 (a CSC marker) and

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Siker Kimbung Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden

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Ching-yi Chang Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

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Pär-Ola Bendahl Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden

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Laura Dubois Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

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J Will Thompson Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

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Donald P McDonnell Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

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Signe Borgquist Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden
Clinical Trial Unit, Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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seen among high-grade tumors ( Nelson et al. 2013 ). In addition, the concentration of 27HC was found to be higher in ERα-positive breast tumors compared to normal breast tissue, and this was attributed to a corresponding decrease in the expression of

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Carlos Cardenas Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

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Ayesha B Alvero Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

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Bo Seong Yun Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Gil Mor Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

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fallopian tubes are thought to be the cellular origin of either high-grade or low-grade serous ovarian cancer ( Li et al . 2011 , Karst et al . 2011 , Flesken-Nikitin et al . 2013 , Perets et al . 2013 , Ng et al . 2014 ). In addition to possibly

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A Coopes Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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C E Henry Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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E Llamosas Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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C E Ford Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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identified aggressive markers in some histologically indolent lesions (type one) or a favourable genomic profile in other tumours assessed as having a poor outlook (type two) ( Levine & The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network 2013 ). One in four high-grade

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Mathis Grossmann
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Gary Wittert Department of Medicine Austin Health, Discipline of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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with 11-year follow-up 69 991 men with 5252 incident PCa cases Inverse association of BMI with low-grade PCa (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.66–1.06). Positive association of BMI with high-grade PCa (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.96–1.55) and risk of metastatic or fatal PCa

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Douglas A Gibson MRC Centre for Reproductive Health The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Ioannis Simitsidellis MRC Centre for Reproductive Health The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Frances Collins MRC Centre for Reproductive Health The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Philippa T K Saunders MRC Centre for Reproductive Health The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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the protective effect of tubal ligation is subtype specific with risk reduction for invasive endometrioid and clear cell cancers ( Sieh et al . 2013 b ). Studies on women with BRCA1 / BRCA2 mutations have provided convincing evidence that high-grade

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Wiebke Werner Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Katharina Detjen Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Alix Bruneau Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Isabella Lurje Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Natalie Nestel Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Henning Jann Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Frank Tacke Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Bertram Wiedenmann Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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Christoph Roderburg Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Linda Hammerich Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

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.3390/cancers12113448 ) Centonze G Lagano V Sabella G Mangogna A Garzone G Filugelli M Belmonte B Cattaneo L Crisafulli V Pellegrinelli A , 2021 Myeloid and T-cell microenvironment immune features identify two prognostic sub-groups in high-grade

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J Hadoux Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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D Malka Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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D Planchard Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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J Y Scoazec Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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C Caramella Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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J Guigay Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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V Boige Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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S Leboulleux Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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P Burtin Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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A Berdelou Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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Y Loriot Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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P Duvillard Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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C N Chougnet Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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D Déandréis Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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M Schlumberger Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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I Borget Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France
Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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M Ducreux Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France
Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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E Baudin Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Digestive Oncology, Medical Oncology (Thoracic Group), Pathology, Radiology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Department of Urologic Oncology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, France

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high-grade neuroendocrine tumours? Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 59 637 – 642 . ( doi:10.1007/s00280-006-0306-6 ). Baudin E 2007 Gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors: clinical characterization before therapy . Nature Clinical

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