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Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
Molecular Endocrinology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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Pilar Santisteban Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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Antonio De la Vieja Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Endocrine Tumors Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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expected that NIS transcription is under the control of several promoters and enhancers to regulate temporal and spatial expression in tissues. Substantial progress has been made in two tissue-specific contexts, the thyroid and mammary gland ( Fig. 1

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Justine Vanhevel Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Lieve Verlinden Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Stefanie Doms Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Hans Wildiers UZ Leuven, General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Leuven, Belgium

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Annemieke Verstuyf Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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) 2 D 3 are underlined. VDR expression in human breast cancer cells The VDR is expressed in different cell types of the mammary gland, including the lobular and ductal epithelial cells, where it plays an important role in mammary gland

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Yvonne Fierz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Samuel Bronfman Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA

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Ruslan Novosyadlyy Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Samuel Bronfman Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA

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Archana Vijayakumar Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Samuel Bronfman Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA

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Shoshana Yakar Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Samuel Bronfman Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA

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Derek LeRoith Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Samuel Bronfman Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA

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, and 5% PEG 400). Before killing at 6 weeks of age, blood was collected for metabolic assays (see below). Both inguinal #4 mammary glands were carefully excised. One mammary gland was subjected to whole mount analysis (see below), the other gland was

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L Hilakivi-Clarke Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Box 571468, Washington DC 20057-1468, USA

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C Wang Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Box 571468, Washington DC 20057-1468, USA

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M Kalil Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Box 571468, Washington DC 20057-1468, USA

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R Riggins Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Box 571468, Washington DC 20057-1468, USA

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R G Pestell Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Box 571468, Washington DC 20057-1468, USA

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expression implies a potential role for ERβ as a modulator of the proliferative effects of estrogens ( Liu et al. 2002 ). ERα function determines normal mammary gland duct growth, angiogenesis, and somatogenesis ( Davis et al. 1994 , Eddy et

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Britt B M Suelmann Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Carmen van Dooijeweert Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Carsten F J Bakhuis Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Sabine Linn Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (AVL-NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Elsken van der Wall Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Paul J van Diest Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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, lactation or pregnancy (if lactation does not occur) leads to breast involution, which differentiates the mammary gland to its pre-pregnant quiescent state, initiating a tissue-remodeling program (characterized by massive epithelial cell death, macrophage

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Etienne Leygue Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9

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Leigh C Murphy Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9

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stroma. ERα, in contrast, is less frequently expressed and generally its expression remains confined to the luminal epithelial compartment ( Speirs et al . 2002 ). ERα, however, appears to play a more important role in the normal mammary gland. Indeed

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Eric Ueda
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Ugur Ozerdem
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Yen-Hao Chen
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Min Yao
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Kuang Tzu Huang
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Huiqin Sun
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Manuela Martins-Green
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Paolo Bartolini
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Ameae M Walker
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. In addition, a substantial proportion of these tissues express PRL (reviewed in Ben-Jonathan et al. 1996 ) and for some, such as the mammary gland and prostate, PRL functions as an autocrine growth factor ( Ben-Jonathan et al. 1996 , Clevenger

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Sahar J Alothman Graduate School of Arts and Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Weisheng Wang Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Shan Chao Graduate School of Arts and Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Bhaskar V Kallakury Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Edgar S Díaz-Cruz Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
College of Pharmacy, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Priscilla A Furth Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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both efatutazone cohorts beginning at age 7 months, significantly shifting the reason for killing in the two different models ( Fig. 2A ). Fewer Brca1 WT/fl11/Cre/p53+/ − mice were killed for palpable mammary gland cancer than Brca1 fl11/fl11/Cre

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Gavin P Vinson School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

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Stewart Barker School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

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John R Puddefoot School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

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, commercial or not-for-profit sector. References Ambili M Jayasree K Sudhakaran PR 1998 60K gelatinase involved in mammary gland involution is regulated by beta-oestradiol . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1403 219 – 231 . doi:10.1016/S0167

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Sissy M Jhiang Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Jennifer A Sipos Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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-PCR followed by Southern hybridization, Spitzweg et al. (1998) reported that NIS expression was detected in the pituitary gland, pancreas, testis, mammary gland, gastric mucosa, prostate and ovary, adrenal gland, heart, thymus, and lung. Wapnir et al

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