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, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancers, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and myeloma are related to overweight and obesity with respect to development
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Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P R China
The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P R China
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Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P R China
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histopathological samples ( Wu et al. 2011 , Zhang et al. 2015 ). Also, hGH expression, albeit at low levels, has been observed in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines ( Chen et al. 2015 ), in endometrial ( Pandey et al. 2008 , Bougen et al. 2011
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, Pantazis K, Constantinides TC, Kotsis A & Bontis I 2004 P53 codon 72 polymorphism and correlation with ovarian and endometrial cancer in Greek women. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 13 277 –280. Agoulnik IU , Tong XW
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is a protein hormone secreted exclusively by adipocytes ( Chandran et al. 2003 ), and circulating adiponectin levels are inversely associated with the risk of obesity-related malignancies, including endometrial cancer ( Petridou et al. 2003 , Dal
Department of Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Department of Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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, nonmedullary thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer, genitourinary tumors Pilarski & Nagy (2012) , Shiovitz & Korde (2015) Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) TP53 Breast cancer, sarcoma, brain tumor, adrenocortical tumor, leukemia, lung cancer Shiovitz
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Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Cytometry, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Optometry, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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increase in risk of developing breast, prostate, colon, endometrial, and ovarian cancers ( Alvino et al . 2011 , Tan et al . 2011 , Tzivion et al . 2011 , Mu et al . 2012 ). Data obtained from independent studies involving Drosophila model show
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National Cancer Institute, Women's Malignancies Branch, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 12N226, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1906, USA
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retrograde menstrual flow, those molecular alterations may facilitate endometrial tissue implantation on the surfaces of ovaries and/or peritoneum, thereby enabling tissue invasion and ultimately the manifestation of cancer ( Jarboe et al . 2008 , Bulun
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Queensland Institute of Medical Research, School of Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Virus, Gynecologic Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, School of Public Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Queensland Institute of Medical Research, School of Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Virus, Gynecologic Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, School of Public Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Queensland Institute of Medical Research, School of Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Virus, Gynecologic Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, School of Public Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Introduction It is widely accepted that being overweight or obese increases a woman's risk of developing endometrial and post-menopausal breast cancer ( Calle & Kaaks 2004 ). The association with ovarian cancer is less clear, largely because
Department of Obstetrics, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Magee Womens Research Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Obstetrics, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Magee Womens Research Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Department of Obstetrics, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Magee Womens Research Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Department of Obstetrics, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Magee Womens Research Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Department of Obstetrics, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Magee Womens Research Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ovarian Cancer 2008 ). Finally, reproductive factors, such as early menarche and late menopause, which are associated with greater estrogen exposure and are linked to estrogen-associated breast and endometrial cancers, have not been consistently associated
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significant effects, for example, on endometrial tissue ( Spark 2002 , Labrie et al . 2003 ). Although theoretically these potential advantages may seem attractive, our observation of an association of DHEAS levels with breast cancer risk strongly caution