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guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine tumors – well-differentiated jejunal–ileal tumor/carcinoma . Neuroendocrinology 87 8 – 19 doi:10.1159/000111034 . Faggiano A Mansueto G Ferolla P Milone F del Basso de Caro
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thyroid carcinoma Not defined (failed ROC analysis) Not defined (failed ROC analysis) GEP, gastroenteropancreatic; NEN, neuroendocrine neoplasm; ROC, receiving-operator characteristics. Sensitivity Sensitivity of
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A, Nicklee T, Ho J et al. 2006 A phase II clinical and pharmacodynamic study of temsirolimus in advanced neuroendocrine carcinomas. British Journal of Cancer 95 1148 –1154. Engstrom P , Lavin P
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Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
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Endocrinology Department, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
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‘pituitary carcinoma’ as defined by the WHO 2017 classification is now named ‘metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)’. More importantly, the term ‘carcinoma’, and more precisely, neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), has other implications, referring to
NHS Nightingale Hospital London, London, UK
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proliferative capacity and degree of differentiation into neuroendocrine tumours (NET) or neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) ( Rindi et al. 2007 ). The former is relatively indolent as compared to adenocarcinomas arising from the same organs but display stark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cluster for Molecular Imaging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Departments of Surgical Gastroenterology and Clinical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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according to the proliferation index Ki-67; ≤2% (Grade 1, G1), 3–20% (G2) and >20% (G3) ( Bosman et al . 2010 ). G1–G2 was collectively referred to as neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and G3 as neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). The classification is strongly
Department of Endocrine Oncology, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Entrance 78, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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neuroendocrine tumours: well-differentiated colon and rectum tumour/carcinoma . Neuroendocrinology 87 31 – 39 . doi:10.1159/000111036 . Rindi G Kloppel G Couvelard A Komminoth P Korner M Lopes JM McNicol AM Nilsson O Perren A Scarpa A
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Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Endocrine Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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NET Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
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reflect their biological behaviour, ranging from the well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) to the poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) ( Nagtegaal et al. 2020 ). The Ki-67 protein is a cellular proliferation marker, useful
Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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Neuroendocrine Tumor Society; ESMO, European Society of Medical Oncology; Gut-NENs include tumors in the jejunum, ileum, appendix, and cecum; NANETS, North American Neuroendocrine Tumor; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network; NEC, neuroendocrine carcinoma
Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine 6, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
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Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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activity in well-differentiated tumors (G1–G2; Ki-67 ≤ 20%) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (G3; Ki-67 > 20%) ( Bosman et al. 2010 ). However, neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) are no longer considered a homogenous entity. Several