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actions of androgen steroid hormones ( Livermore et al . 2016 ). Androgens also play a critical role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is usually the first-line treatment for metastatic disease
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Introduction Despite advances in understanding the molecular biology of prostate and breast cancers, they are still the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men and women, in the United States. There is no completely effective preventative for
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decades ago, their functional roles in prostate, especially in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, have received attention only recently. In normal prostate, NE cells are apparently involved in regulating epithelial cell growth and differentiation in an
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Introduction High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is currently accepted as a risk factor for the delayed progression to prostate cancer (PCa; Dovey et al . 2005 , Ayala & Ro 2007 , Chin et al . 2007 , Montironi et al . 2007
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-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) complex. HIF-1 is involved in the cancer biology of many endocrine tumors. This review will concentrate on endocrine oncology: HIF-1 in breast cancer and prostate cancer, specifically. New data on HIF-1 signaling and the potential for
Department of Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, USA
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. It is an exquisitely androgen-regulated gene associated with prostate cancer ( Bertram et al . 2013 ). The androgen receptor (AR), and associated signaling, is prominent in prostate tissues as an essential determinant of its development and
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Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Texas Health Sciences Center Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Texas Health Sciences Center Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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Introduction Prostate cancer remains the most common malignancy affecting men, and the second leading cause of cancer-related death of men in the USA. It is a heterogeneous disease, and the biology of various subtypes is still poorly understood. The
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Introduction Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, accounting for 903 500 new diagnoses and 258 400 deaths per year worldwide ( Jemal et al . 2011 ). Although the
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, Montell 2005 , Nilius et al. 2005 ). TRPM8 was discovered as a protein that is upregulated in prostate and in some other types of cancer cells ( Tsavaler et al. 2001 ). However, TRPM8 is also expressed in sensory neurons ( McKemy et al. 2002
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luminal cells but also as cells of origin for prostate tumors ( Fig. 1 ), which may relate to the genotypic heterogeneity in prostate cancer. We suggest that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that govern cell fate decisions in prostate development
