from 80% in patients with localized disease to 15% in those with advanced metastatic tumors ( Karwacka et al. 2021 ). Radical surgery is the first-line therapy for localized disease. Nevertheless, the rate of relapse/recurrence remains nearly 50
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Ziwei Zhang, Menglian Li, Jianjun Wang, Mengsi Liu, Huan Chen, Yuan Lou, Yijie Wang, Qi Sun, Dalong Zhu, Ping Li, and Yan Bi
Carol A Lange and Douglas Yee
to anti-endocrine therapies. Some patient's relapse while taking tamoxifen, but more commonly we now see patients who relapse after optimal estrogen deprivation via aromatase inhibitors (probably by different mechanism(s) than occurs under tamoxifen
Filippo Montemurro and Massimo Aglietta
regardless of hormone receptor status, and was started with the first cycle of chemotherapy. Both studies confirmed the superiority of the taxane-containing arm in terms of disease-free survival, with a proportional reduction in the risk of relapse of 17
William D Foulkes and Kokichi Sugano
(AstraZeneca) for treatment of platinum-sensitive relapsed BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer. This specific indication was based on the results of trial 19, where a significant improvement in progression-free survival was seen in BRCA-mutated relapsed ovarian cancer
Paramita M Ghosh and Allen C Gao
. The paper by Ottewell et al . (2014) , on the other hand, shows that in the same preclinical model, ZOL administered at the time of ADT initiation prevented subsequent relapses in bone metastatic lesions. In this study, nude mice were injected PC-3
Takashi Takeshita, Yoko Omoto, Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki, Yutaka Yamamoto, and Hirotaka Iwase
pAR 213/210 levels in a large series of breast cancers and to assess the impact of AR and pAR 213/210 expression on relapse-free survival (RFS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in all breast cancers. A total of 379 consecutive patients
David A Potter, Douglas Yee, Zhijun Guo, and Mariangellys Rodriguez
tested the hypothesis that dietary fat reduction would increase relapse-free survival in women with early breast cancer undergoing standard cancer therapy ( Chlebowski et al . 2006 ). In this study, there was a significant improvement of relapse
J M W Gee, A Howell, W J Gullick, C C Benz, R L Sutherland, R J Santen, L-A Martin, F Ciardiello, W R Miller, M Dowsett, P Barrett-Lee, J F R Robertson, S R Johnston, H E Jones, A E Wakeling, R Duncan, and R I Nicholson
de novo , many who initially respond ultimately relapse, having acquired resistance. Unfortunately, resistance can herald aggressive disease progression and metastasis, conferring poorer patient outlook. The mechanisms underlying resistance in
Alistair Ring and Mitch Dowsett
patients with meta-static disease and as many as 40% of patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen eventually relapse and die from their disease. The biological mechanisms underlying intrinsic ( de novo ) and acquired resistance to tamoxifen are therefore of
Anthony Howell and Andrew M Wardley
, Jakesz et al. 2004 , Howell et al. 2005 , Thurliman 2005 ) (Fig. 1 ). There are significant reductions in relapse compared with tamoxifen in all five trials which have reported results to date (three using anastrozole, and one each using exemestane
