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Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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(0.022) 1.92 (1.00–3.65) <0.05 Thomas et al . (1997) 68 182 NG (NG) 1.22 (0.60–2.40) 0.57 Postmenopausal women Fourkala et al . (2012) a 200 400 125 (0.04) 2.15 (1.26–3.17) 0.0006 b Farhat et al . (2011) c 111 594 ERα negative 94 (0.16) 0
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). Estrogen receptors in the normal breast Breast tissue studies Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) occupies a pivotal position in breast cancer biology, and has been the subject of intense study in malignant tumors. The earliest studies
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Department of Surgery and Cancer, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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to inosine; ADAR, deaminase acting on RNA; pri-miR, primary microRNA; pre-miR, precursor microRNA; ERα, estrogen receptor alpha; hnRNPA1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1; KHSRP1, KH-type splicing regulatory protein 1; ARS2, arsenite
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is mediated through ERα and ERβ, which are members of a large family of nuclear transcription factors ( Mangelsdorf et al . 1995 ). For activation, estrogen has to enter the cell where it binds to its receptors ERα and ERβ, which is followed by a
Institute of Cancer Research,, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research,, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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begins under the control of estrogens acting in concert with GH and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Pubertal mammary development is impaired in mice lacking GH receptor ( Gallego et al . 2001 ), IGF-I ( Kleinberg et al . 2000 ), ERα ( Curtis
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Introduction It is well documented that the mitogenic effects of oestrogens are critical in the progression of breast cancer. The effects of oestrogens are mediated by oestrogen receptors (ER)α and ERβ. Oestrogen binding to ERα
St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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several key pathways involved in luminal fate specification, namely Notch signalling, BRCA1 , ELF5 , ERα and FOXA1 ( Best et al. 2014 , Junankar et al. 2015 ). The ID4-mediated inhibition of ELF5 occurs indirectly via Notch signalling ( Junankar
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) , Moriyama et al . (2002) , Lee et al . (2003) , Takayanagi et al . (2006) , Matsushima et al . (2007) and Sui et al . (2012) Agonist of PXR Antagonist of ThR Genistein (phytoestrogen) RBA ERβ≫ERα Activates transcription via
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Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Clinical Trial Unit, Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Background Obesity and hypercholesterolemia are associated with an increased risk of developing estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancers, especially among postmenopausal women ( Boyd & Mcguire 1990 , Bianchini et al . 2002
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Healthcare Partners, Birmingham, UK
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oestrogen receptors (ERs). There are two well-studied ERs: ER alpha (ERα) and ER beta (ERβ), encoded by two separate genes ESR1 and ESR2 , respectively. ERα and ERβ are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily ( Robinson-Rechavi et al . 2003 ). When
