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James F H Pittaway
James F H Pittaway
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Constantinos Lipsos
Constantinos Lipsos
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Katia Mariniello
Katia Mariniello
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Leonardo Guasti
Leonardo Guasti
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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with differential expression in small cell lung cancer cell lines. Structural analysis of the protein revealed it was highly homologous with the proteins Delta , Serrate and Notch from Drosophila melanogaster and it was termed ‘human Delta
Himisha Beltran
Himisha Beltran
Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Francesca Demichelis
Francesca Demichelis
Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Introduction The treatment landscape of advanced prostate cancer continues to evolve. Drugs with varied mechanisms of action now being used in earlier disease settings, and patients are living longer with longer exposure to systemic therapies
Livia Lamartina
Livia Lamartina
Gustave Roussy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Villejuif, France
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Nadège Anizan
Nadège Anizan
Department of Medical Physics, Gustave Roussy and University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Corinne Dupuy
Corinne Dupuy
UMR 8200/9019 CNRS Paris-Saclay, Genome Integrity and Cancers, Gustave Roussy and University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Sophie Leboulleux
Sophie Leboulleux
Gustave Roussy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Villejuif, France
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Martin Schlumberger
Martin Schlumberger
Gustave Roussy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Villejuif, France
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Introduction Since the '40s, the treatment of distant metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer is based on the administration of a high activity of 131 I and this was the first available targeted therapy for metastatic disease that
J T W Kwon
J T W Kwon
Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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R J Bryant
R J Bryant
Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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E E Parkes
E E Parkes
Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fifth most common cause of death in men worldwide ( Sung et al. 2021 ). Although the aetiology of PCa is multifactorial, genomics is a key variable
Ha Nguyen
Ha Nguyen
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Komal Shah
Komal Shah
Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Steven G Waguespack
Steven G Waguespack
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Mimi I Hu
Mimi I Hu
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Mouhammed Amir Habra
Mouhammed Amir Habra
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Maria E Cabanillas
Maria E Cabanillas
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Naifa L Busaidy
Naifa L Busaidy
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Roland Bassett
Roland Bassett
Division of Science, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Shouhao Zhou
Shouhao Zhou
Division of Science, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Priyanka C Iyer
Priyanka C Iyer
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Garrett Simmons
Garrett Simmons
Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Diana Kaya
Diana Kaya
Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Marie Pitteloud
Marie Pitteloud
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sumit K Subudhi
Sumit K Subudhi
Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Adi Diab
Adi Diab
Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Ramona Dadu
Ramona Dadu
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Introduction The understanding of the immune system’s role in cancer biology has marked a new era of cancer therapies ( Hanahan & Weinberg 2011 ). The breakthrough discovery of immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA
William R Doerfler
William R Doerfler
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
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Alyaksandr V Nikitski
Alyaksandr V Nikitski
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
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Elena M Morariu
Elena M Morariu
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
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N Paul Ohori
N Paul Ohori
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
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Simion I Chiosea
Simion I Chiosea
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
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Michael S Landau
Michael S Landau
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
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Marina N Nikiforova
Marina N Nikiforova
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
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Yuri E Nikiforov
Yuri E Nikiforov
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
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Linwah Yip
Linwah Yip
Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
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Pooja Manroa
Pooja Manroa
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA
Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Introduction Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC), also known as oncocytic carcinoma, is a relatively rare form of differentiated thyroid cancer that accounts for approximately 3% of all thyroid cancers ( Hundahl et al. 1998 ). These tumors were
Justine Vanhevel
Justine Vanhevel
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lieve Verlinden
Lieve Verlinden
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Stefanie Doms
Stefanie Doms
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hans Wildiers
Hans Wildiers
UZ Leuven, General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Leuven, Belgium
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Annemieke Verstuyf
Annemieke Verstuyf
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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, apoptosis, differentiation, inflammation, invasion and angiogenesis ( Welsh 2018 ) (reviewed in Christakos et al. 2016 ). In the 1980s, the group of Garland was the first to describe a possible association between sunlight exposure and breast cancer (BC
Andreas Venizelos
Andreas Venizelos
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genome-Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Hege Elvebakken
Hege Elvebakken
Department of Oncology, Ålesund Hospital, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Aurel Perren
Aurel Perren
Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Oleksii Nikolaienko
Oleksii Nikolaienko
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genome-Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Wei Deng
Wei Deng
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genome-Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Inger Marie B Lothe
Inger Marie B Lothe
Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Anne Couvelard
Anne Couvelard
Department of Pathology, Université de Paris, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Geir Olav Hjortland
Geir Olav Hjortland
Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Anna Sundlöv
Anna Sundlöv
Departmentt of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Johanna Svensson
Johanna Svensson
Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Harrish Garresori
Harrish Garresori
Department of Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Christian Kersten
Christian Kersten
Department of Research, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway
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Eva Hofsli
Eva Hofsli
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Department of Oncology, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Department of Oncology, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Sönke Detlefsen
Sönke Detlefsen
Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Merete Krogh
Merete Krogh
Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Halfdan Sorbye
Halfdan Sorbye
Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Stian Knappskog
Stian Knappskog
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genome-Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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compared to NEC, but an inferior response to platinum/etoposide-based chemotherapy ( Heetfeld et al. 2015 ). The treatment strategy (platinum/etoposide chemotherapy) for adjuvant and metastatic GEP-NEC has been extrapolated from small-cell lung cancer
James C Yao
James C Yao
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Jonathan Strosberg
Jonathan Strosberg
Department of GI Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Nicola Fazio
Nicola Fazio
European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Marianne E Pavel
Marianne E Pavel
Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Emily Bergsland
Emily Bergsland
UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Philippe Ruszniewski
Philippe Ruszniewski
Hôpital Beaujon, University of Paris, Paris, France
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Daniel M Halperin
Daniel M Halperin
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Daneng Li
Daneng Li
City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
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Salvatore Tafuto
Salvatore Tafuto
Sarcomas and Rare Tumours Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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Nitya Raj
Nitya Raj
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Davide Campana
Davide Campana
Department of Clinical Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, ENETS Center of Excellence, Bologna, Italy
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Susumu Hijioka
Susumu Hijioka
National Cancer Center Japan Tsukiji Campus, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
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Markus Raderer
Markus Raderer
Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rosine Guimbaud
Rosine Guimbaud
CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Pablo Gajate
Pablo Gajate
Hospital Universitário Ramón y Cajal, Clinical Oncology Department, Madrid, Spain
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Sara Pusceddu
Sara Pusceddu
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Albert Reising
Albert Reising
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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Evgeny Degtyarev
Evgeny Degtyarev
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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Mark Shilkrut
Mark Shilkrut
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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Simantini Eddy
Simantini Eddy
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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Simron Singh
Simron Singh
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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particularly after progression on these standard therapies ( Singh et al. 2017 ). During tumorigenesis, cancer cells from a wide range of tumor types exploit immune checkpoint pathways, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), to avoid detection by the adaptive
Chi-Yu Kuo
Chi-Yu Kuo
Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yuan-Ching Chang
Yuan-Ching Chang
Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ming-Nan Chien
Ming-Nan Chien
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jie-Yang Jhuang
Jie-Yang Jhuang
Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yi-Chiung Hsu
Yi-Chiung Hsu
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Shih-Yuan Huang
Shih-Yuan Huang
Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shih-Ping Cheng
Shih-Ping Cheng
Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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of cancer ( Hanahan & Weinberg 2011 ). Anabolic and catabolic dysregulation can occur in multiple metabolic compartments, including glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glutamine, and fatty acids. Among the diverse metabolic alterations in cancer cells
