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Pratima Basak Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5

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Sumanta Chatterjee Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5

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Steven Weger Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5

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M Christine Bruce Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5

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Leigh C Murphy Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5

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Afshin Raouf Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
Department of Immunology, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5

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Introduction Estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor α (ERα) is pivotal to the survival and maintenance of ERα + breast cancer tumors. Furthermore, the estrogen–ERα signaling axis has been shown to be indispensable to mammary gland development

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-15-0105
Volume/Issue:
Volume 22: Issue 4
Open access
Frances Collins The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Nozomi Itani The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Arantza Esnal-Zufiaurre The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Douglas A Gibson The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Carol Fitzgerald The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Philippa T K Saunders The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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receptors which act as ligand-activated transcription factors. In women the key nuclear oestrogen receptors are ERα, encoded by ESR1 , and ERβ encoded by ESR2 : both receptors are expressed in endometrial tissue during the normal menstrual cycle

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-19-0291
Volume/Issue:
Volume 27: Issue 2
Open access
Evangelia-Ourania Fourkala Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Alexey Zaikin Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK
Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Matthew Burnell Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Jeremy Ford Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Richard Gunu Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Christina Soromani Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Guido Hasenbrink Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Ian Jacobs Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Anne Dawnay Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Martin Widschwendter Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Hella Lichtenberg-Fraté Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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Usha Menon Department of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Mathematics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Bioenergetics, Academic Health Science Centre, Institute for Women's Health, Gynecological Cancer Research Centre, University College London, 149 Tottenham Road, London W1T 7DN, UK

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attractive alternative for breast cancer risk assessment. We found that estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ serum bioactivity (SB) are independently associated with breast cancer using samples collected at diagnosis ( Widschwendter et al . 2009 ). To better

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-11-0310
Volume/Issue:
Volume 19: Issue 2
Open access
View license
Siker Kimbung Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden

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Ching-yi Chang Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

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Pär-Ola Bendahl Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden

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Laura Dubois Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

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J Will Thompson Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

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Donald P McDonnell Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

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Signe Borgquist Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Sweden
Clinical Trial Unit, Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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Background Obesity and hypercholesterolemia are associated with an increased risk of developing estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancers, especially among postmenopausal women ( Boyd & Mcguire 1990 , Bianchini et al . 2002

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-16-0533
Volume/Issue:
Volume 24: Issue 7
Open access
Douglas A Gibson Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Frances Collins Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Fiona L Cousins Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Arantza Esnal Zufiaurre Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Philippa T K Saunders Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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endothelial cell migration and re-endothelialisation ( Umetani et al . 2007 ). In contrast, in the absence of E2, 27HC is reported to act as an agonist to ERα (ESR1) to increase cell adhesion and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0449
Volume/Issue:
Volume 25: Issue 4
Open access
Haojun Luo
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Guanglun Yang Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China

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Tenghua Yu Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China

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Shujuan Luo Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China

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Chengyi Wu Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China

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Yan Sun Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China

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Manran Liu Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China

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Gang Tu Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China

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are recognized as co-mediators of tumor progression rather than as merely bystanders. Estrogen is well recognized as a mitogen for breast cancer cells. Traditionally, estrogenic effects have been ascribed to the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0237
Volume/Issue:
Volume 21: Issue 2
Open access
Xiyuan Zhang
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Fabia de Oliveira Andrade
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Hansheng Zhang
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Idalia Cruz
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Robert Clarke Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Pankaj Gaur Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Vivek Verma Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Leena Hilakivi-Clarke Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Technologies) and transferred to nitrocellulose via an iBlot Transfer Stack and Blotting System (Life Technologies). Western blotting was performed with antibodies (diluted in 0.1% TBST at 1:1000 ratio) against the following: ERα (VP-E613, Vector Laboratories

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-20-0065
Volume/Issue:
Volume 27: Issue 9
Open access
Fabia De Oliveira Andrade Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Wei Yu Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Xiyuan Zhang Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Elissa Carney Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Rong Hu Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Robert Clarke Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Kevin FitzGerald Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Leena Hilakivi-Clarke Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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arms differed from each other regarding the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), ERβ and progesterone receptor (PgR) by Western blot. Briefly, 100 mg of frozen mammary tumor or endometrial tissue was ground using a mortar and pestle in liquid

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0393
Volume/Issue:
Volume 26: Issue 3
Open access
Catherine Zabkiewicz Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

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Jeyna Resaul Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

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Rachel Hargest Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

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Wen Guo Jiang Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

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Lin Ye Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

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( Schwalbe et al . 2003 , Alarmo & Kallioniemi 2010 ). BMP-2 expression is significantly higher in the ER-negative tumours ( Julien et al . 2011 ). Silencing of ERα results in resistance to effects of oestradiol increased BMP-2 expression, and genetic

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0139
Volume/Issue:
Volume 24: Issue 10
Open access
Ville Paakinaho Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

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Jorma J Palvimo Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

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), mineralocorticoid (MR, NR3C2), progesterone (PR, NR3C3), and androgen (AR, NR3C4) receptor ( Carson-Jurica et al. 1990 ). ERs are encoded by two different genes, ERα (NR3A1) and ERβ (NR3A2) ( Arnal et al. 2017 ). Unless specifically indicated, we will use the

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-21-0038
Volume/Issue:
Volume 28: Issue 9
Open access