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agonists on the endometrium or endometrial malignancies is not known. In addition to activating LXRs, 27HC can also bind oestrogen receptors (ER) ( Umetani et al . 2007 ) and acts as an endogenous selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) ( DuSell
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Introduction Tamoxifen is the first-choice adjuvant treatment for primary oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It has been shown that survival rates in tamoxifen-treated women are improved as much
The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Introduction Breast cancer development and progression are significantly affected by signalling pathways involving oestrogen receptor (ER) and growth factor receptors ( Arpino et al. 2008 ). Over 80% of all breast cancer cases are deemed ER
Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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examples of common driver oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes that can be aberrantly spliced in breast cancer. AS has also been shown to regulate protein diversity of the oestrogen receptor itself. In particular, previous studies have shown the ERαΔ5
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Introduction Development of the adult mammary gland and its function are dependent upon oestrogen and progesterone acting via the oestrogen receptor alpha (ERa (ESR1)) and progesterone receptor (PR (PGR)) respectively. During reproductive cycles
Translational Research, Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Breast Unit, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
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Translational Research, Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Breast Unit, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
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Translational Research, Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Breast Unit, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
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Introduction Until recently, tamoxifen has been the gold standard endocrine treatment for oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer and despite the advent of aromatase inhibitors, it continues to be an important therapeutic option. Tamoxifen
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cancer risk of oestrogen plus progestin associations as compared with oestrogen alone (ERT; Colditz et al. 1995 , Persson et al. 1996 , Colditz & Rosner 1998 , Magnusson et al. 2000 , Ross et al. 2000 , Schairer et al. 2000 , Rossouw et
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Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, Ile-de-France, France
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-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties (reviewed in Hill et al. 2015 ). Melatonin is also able to disrupt oestrogen-dependent cell signalling and has also been shown to slow down EMT induction in breast
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autocrine/paracrine pathway exists to promote cell growth in breast cancer, as appears to be the case in prostate cancer ( Jeffery et al. 2002 ). Materials and methods Cell culture Oestrogen-dependent breast cancer
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Introduction Despite recent progress in treatment and therapeutic strategies, breast cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality remain a major problem in Western countries. Recent trials with selective oestrogen receptor modulators