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Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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provided by a feedback loop mechanism (+ and −), with high circulating GH and IGF1 inhibiting GH secretion. GH and IGF1 can also be expressed in extra-pituitary tissues and tumours, where they have local autocrine/paracrine actions on GHR- and IGF1R
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(EPIC) study involving 141,896 men showed that those who were taller had an elevated risk of high-grade prostate cancer and prostate cancer death ( Perez-Cornago et al. 2017 ). In more recent years, the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was
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Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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tract cancers ( Riesterer et al. 2011 ), nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( Wang et al. 2019 ), osteosarcoma ( Wang et al. 2009 ) and pediatric high-grade glioma ( Simpson et al. 2020 ). Therefore, GH and IGF1 are strongly implicated as a major
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-positive breast cancer resistant to non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors 2 Terminated No data on primary outcome of progression-free survival rate; high frequency of low-grade GI distress and glucose intolerance Cixutumumab/A12 (with cisplatin and
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pituitary and npGH action may be explained by direct GH effects vs those mediated through IGF1, insulin, glucose, or free fatty acids, which are normally induced with GH increase ( Huang et al. 2022 ). Thus, high IGF1, but not GH, may activate cytokine
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secretion. Male rats have a highly pulsatile secretion pattern of GH with high peak levels and low interpulse GH levels, whereas female rats have a lower peak amplitude and higher interpulse GH level, making GH secretion more continuous and less varying