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ABSTRACT
Genetic changes in breast tumour cells may contribute to the development of resistance during antiestrogen therapy. The results of our experiments in support of this hypothesis and the identification of the first genetic locus involved in development of tamoxifen resistance in vitro are reviewed.
Endocrine-Related Cancer (1995) 2 123-126
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Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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number deletion. The darker the color, the higher the frequency. A full-colour version of this figure can be found at https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-22-0257 . Genetic alterations and survival To explore the potential correlation of gene
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alterations, some of which are seen only in this cancer. The classical oncogenic genetic alterations commonly seen in thyroid cancer include Ras mutations ( Fagin 2002 , Bongarzone & Pierotti 2003 ), RET/PTC rearrangements ( Nikiforov 2002 , Santoro et
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decades to improve the knowledge of molecular pathogenesis of DTC. This led to the identification of a set of molecular alterations with demonstrated/putative pathogenetic role ( Xing 2013 ). These abnormalities are heterogeneous, including both genetic
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Medical Faculty, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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. 2017 ). Previous pancancer genetic studies comparing primary and metastatic carcinomas across 50 cancer types have shown a significantly higher frequency of TERT promoter mutations and CDKN2A genetic alterations in metastases from PTCs than in
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Clinical Genomics Linköping, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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of limited value. New treatment options are therefore sought after. Nowadays, the genetic background of most PPGLs is well known. They are one of the most heritable tumors, where germline and somatic genetic alterations in non
Hormonal Biology Laboratory, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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. Phosphodiesterases (PDE), involved in cAMP degradation, act as negative regulators of this pathway. (B) cAMP/PKA signaling pathway genetic alterations in PPNAD 1: PRKAR1A inactivation (germline mutation + somatic second-hit); 2: phosphodiesterases ( PDE11A or PD8
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( Cancer Genome Atlas Research 2014 , Yoo et al. 2016 ) and likely DNA copy number alterations (CNA) in HCC ( Ganly et al. 2018 , Gopal et al. 2018 ). In PDC and AC, such 'early' genetic alterations are found in combination with mutations in TERT
Consortium for the Study of Thyroid Cancer (CECaT), Catalonia, Spain
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Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
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/AKT pathway is involved in the progression of FTC. Recently, the genetic landscape of some thyroid cancer histotypes has been largely deciphered ( Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network 2014 , Kunstman et al. 2015 ), and some of these genetic alterations have
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Department of Pathology and laboratory medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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-differentiated panNENs more frequently harbor alterations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1 , the chromatin remodeling genes ( DAXX / ATRX ), and in the mTOR pathway ( Jiao et al. 2011 ). In contrast, genetic profiling of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine