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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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controlled by the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Rb restricts progression from G 1 phase into S phase by binding and suppressing E2F transcription factors. This is overcome by cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) phosphorylation of the Rb protein, which leads
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the cell cycle into the S phase is controlled by complexes formed by D-type cyclins and the CDK4 and CDK6 kinases, which phosphorylate and inactivate the RB tumor suppressor. In turn, RB inactivation releases the E2F transcription factors to promote
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Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, California, USA
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organs with paired clinical outcome data. Our analysis revealed that G3 NENs had gene expression profiles that did not easily segregate by organ, that they shared mutations in TP53 , RB1 , APC , CDKN2A , and in the CDK4/6 cell cycling pathway, and
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). In recent years, with the continuous innovation of therapies, the emergence of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors has brought new therapeutic directions for HR+, HER2− breast cancer. Globally marketed CDK4/6 inhibitors include
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-dependent protein kinases four and six (CDK4/6) important for mediating phospho-RB-induced cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary or ‘checkpoint’ ( Fig. 1 ). Other well-characterized functions of D-type cyclins include sequestration of cell cycle inhibitors (p
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kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) Inhibit Palbociclib, ribociclib Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Inhibit Dovitinib An ever-growing arsenal of anticancer agents requires knowledge in optimal application for clinicians and patients to make
St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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inhibits progression into S phase. During G 1 /S phase, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate Rb; first CDK4/6 is activated by cyclin D1, D2, or D3 to phosphorylate Rb, followed by phosphorylation by CDK2 in complex with cyclin E1 or cyclin E2
Kimmel Cancer Center, Cancer Biology, Pathology, Department of Carcinogenesis, Lombardi Cancer Center, Department of Oncology and Physiology and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Departments of
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Kimmel Cancer Center, Cancer Biology, Pathology, Department of Carcinogenesis, Lombardi Cancer Center, Department of Oncology and Physiology and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Departments of
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Kimmel Cancer Center, Cancer Biology, Pathology, Department of Carcinogenesis, Lombardi Cancer Center, Department of Oncology and Physiology and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Departments of
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Kimmel Cancer Center, Cancer Biology, Pathology, Department of Carcinogenesis, Lombardi Cancer Center, Department of Oncology and Physiology and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Departments of
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Kimmel Cancer Center, Cancer Biology, Pathology, Department of Carcinogenesis, Lombardi Cancer Center, Department of Oncology and Physiology and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Departments of
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Kimmel Cancer Center, Cancer Biology, Pathology, Department of Carcinogenesis, Lombardi Cancer Center, Department of Oncology and Physiology and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA Departments of
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of the preclinical and in silico analyses, it was postulated that activation of RB may represent a viable means to re-establish cell cycle inhibition downstream from endocrine therapy. To interrogate this possibility, the CDK4/6-specific inhibitor
Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS UMR5201, INSERM-INRA U418, INSERM, Groupe d'Etude Recherche, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon F-69373, France
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS UMR5201, INSERM-INRA U418, INSERM, Groupe d'Etude Recherche, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon F-69373, France
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS UMR5201, INSERM-INRA U418, INSERM, Groupe d'Etude Recherche, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon F-69373, France
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS UMR5201, INSERM-INRA U418, INSERM, Groupe d'Etude Recherche, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon F-69373, France
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS UMR5201, INSERM-INRA U418, INSERM, Groupe d'Etude Recherche, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon F-69373, France
Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS UMR5201, INSERM-INRA U418, INSERM, Groupe d'Etude Recherche, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon F-69373, France
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS UMR5201, INSERM-INRA U418, INSERM, Groupe d'Etude Recherche, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon F-69373, France
Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS UMR5201, INSERM-INRA U418, INSERM, Groupe d'Etude Recherche, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon F-69373, France
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. 2003 a ), using antibodies against menin (C19, 1:500), anti-p18 (1:3000), anti-p27 (1:1000), anti-pSmad1 (1:1000), anti-Smad1 (1:1000), anti-Smad3 (1:1000), anti-Smad4 (1:1000), anti-Smad5 polyclonal (1:1000) and anti-Cdk4 (1:1000, Santa
Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
Blacktown Cancer and Haematology Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
Blacktown Cancer and Haematology Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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turn activate MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2 and then extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). ERK signalling causes increased cyclin D expression which activates cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) and leads to increased cell proliferation