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Introduction Endometrial cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer are common gynaecological malignancies; however, the impact of androgen action in these cancers is poorly understood. Epidemiological evidence suggests that androgens may be important in the
Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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alleviate the symptoms of patients with advanced or metastatic CaP, the disease is recognized as being androgen dependent ( Huggins & Hodges 2002 , Perlmutter & Lepor 2007 , Shafi et al . 2013 , Wong et al . 2014 ). In males, the production of potent
Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Center for Bone and Arthitis Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Introduction Androgens play a crucial role in the normal development and growth of the prostate and the growth of prostate cancer. The prostate tissue is known for the local biosynthesis of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is the principal
Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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carcinoma especially that of the endometrioid type, also known as type I endometrial carcinoma ( Bokhman 1983 ). However, in contrast to studies regarding estrogens, the possible impact of androgen actions on endometrial carcinoma has largely remained
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a cornerstone of PCa management since the 1940s. A variety of approaches have been used: bilateral orchiectomy; high-dose oral or parenteral estrogens; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (LHRHa
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Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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cancer therapies between the 1940s and the 1980s. Although this therapeutic strategy displayed sound clinical efficacy ( Tormey et al . 1983 , Ingle et al . 1991 ), the use of androgen-based hormonal therapies fell from favour due to their
Department of Cancer Prevention Institute of Cancer Research
Department of Urology Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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Department of Cancer Prevention Institute of Cancer Research
Department of Urology Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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Department of Cancer Prevention Institute of Cancer Research
Department of Urology Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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Department of Cancer Prevention Institute of Cancer Research
Department of Urology Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
Prostate Cancer Research Group Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
Department of Cancer Prevention Institute of Cancer Research
Department of Urology Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
Prostate Cancer Research Group Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
Department of Cancer Prevention Institute of Cancer Research
Department of Urology Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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responsible for secreting factors that enhance sperm viability during reproduction. Both the development of the prostate gland and maintenance of these secretory functions require androgens and the androgen receptor (AR; Pritchard & Nelson 2008 ). While the
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Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, Department of Urology, Department of Pharmacology, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, Department of Urology, Department of Pharmacology, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, Department of Urology, Department of Pharmacology, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, Department of Urology, Department of Pharmacology, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, Department of Urology, Department of Pharmacology, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, Department of Urology, Department of Pharmacology, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Introduction It has long been known that androgens are critical in the growth and progression of prostate cancer ( Dehm & Tindall 2006 ). Androgens signal through the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the steroid receptor family of transcription
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. 2007 , Jemal et al . 2008 ). The androgen signalling pathway is central in prostate cancer progression and therapy, as tumours are initially dependent upon androgens for growth ( Agoulnik & Weigel 2006 ). The principal circulating androgen is
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
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understanding has evolved from the observation that androgen withdrawal, either surgical or pharmacological, resulted in prostatic atrophy in animal models, to its application in patients, to the investigation of the mysterious way in which prostate cancer