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Andrea Weckman Division of Neurosurgery, Division of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery

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Fabio Rotondo Division of Neurosurgery, Division of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery

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Antonio Di Ieva Division of Neurosurgery, Division of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery

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Luis V Syro Division of Neurosurgery, Division of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery

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Henriett Butz Division of Neurosurgery, Division of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery

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Michael D Cusimano Division of Neurosurgery, Division of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery

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Kalman Kovacs Division of Neurosurgery, Division of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery

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Introduction The word ‘autophagy’ derives from the Greek roots ‘auto,’ or self, and ‘phagy,’ to eat ( Levine & Klionsky 2004 ) – in other words, self-cannibalism or self-eating. Autophagy is a genetically programmed and evolutionarily conserved

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-15-0042
Volume/Issue:
Volume 22: Issue 4
Free access
Weijun Wei Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Heather Hardin Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Quan-Yong Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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kinase. A full color version of this figure is available at https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0502 . Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a process that captures and degrades intracellular components in lysosomes, thereby

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0502
Volume/Issue:
Volume 26: Issue 4
Free access
Federica Morani Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Unit of Oncology, Department of Health Sciences

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Rossella Titone Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Unit of Oncology, Department of Health Sciences

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Loredana Pagano Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Unit of Oncology, Department of Health Sciences

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Alessandra Galetto Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Unit of Oncology, Department of Health Sciences

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Oscar Alabiso Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Unit of Oncology, Department of Health Sciences

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Gianluca Aimaretti Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Unit of Oncology, Department of Health Sciences

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Ciro Isidoro Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Unit of Oncology, Department of Health Sciences

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search for novel molecular targeted drugs for the cure of such highly malignant thyroid cancers. Figure 1 Autophagy-targeted opportunities for the therapy of thyroid cancers. Origin and aggressive phenotypes of thyroid cancers and opportunities for

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0271
Volume/Issue:
Volume 21: Issue 1
Free access
Bruno Heidi Nozima Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Thais Biude Mendes Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Gustavo José da Silva Pereira Department of Pharmacology, Calcium Signaling and Cell Death Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Edna Sadayo Miazato Iwamura Laboratório de Patologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Soraya Soubhi Smaili Department of Pharmacology, Calcium Signaling and Cell Death Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Gianna Maria Griz Carvalheira Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Janete Maria Cerutti Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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FAM129A acts is not completely understood. Considering that autophagy is rapidly upregulated under cell stress, such as nutrient starvation, growth factor depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and ER stress ( Kroemer et al. 2010

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0530
Volume/Issue:
Volume 26: Issue 1
Free access
Allison Sumis Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Katherine L Cook Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA

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Fabia O Andrade Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rong Hu Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Emma Kidney Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Xiyuan Zhang Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Dominic Kim Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Elissa Carney Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Nguyen Nguyen Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Wei Yu Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Kerrie B Bouker Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Idalia Cruz Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Robert Clarke Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Leena Hilakivi-Clarke Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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al . 2013 ). Initially, the UPR functions as an adaptive response to maintain normal physiological functions and to protect the cells from irreversible damage. UPR further induces autophagy that can either eliminate cancer cells ( Fulda et al . 2010

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-16-0359
Volume/Issue:
Volume 23: Issue 10
Free access
Biao Wan Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Leheyi Dai Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Li Wang Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Ying Zhang Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Hong Huang Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Guanhua Qian Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Tinghe Yu Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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. 2012 , De Picciotto et al. 2016 ). Furthermore, mechanisms of BRCA2 impacting on the responses to platinum have not been thoroughly elucidated. Autophagy is commonly considered a survival pathway, but can be cytotoxic when the damage is critical

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0261
Volume/Issue:
Volume 25: Issue 1
Free access
Jiajun Wu Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Juyong Liang Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Ruiqi Liu Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China

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Tian Lv Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Kangyin Fu Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Liehao Jiang Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Wenli Ma Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Yan Pan Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Zhuo Tan Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Qing Liu Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China

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Weihua Qiu Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Minghua Ge Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Jiafeng Wang Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China

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.05; ** P < 0.01. Autophagic blockade potentiated anlotinib-mediated ferroptosis Accumulating studies have shown that autophagy functions importantly during ferroptosis ( Dai et al. 2020 , Wei et al. 2020 ). Therefore, autophagic

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-23-0036
Volume/Issue:
Volume 30: Issue 9
Open access
Shani Avniel-Polak Neuroendocrine Tumor Laboratory, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Gil Leibowitz Neuroendocrine Tumor Laboratory, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Victoria Doviner Department of Pathology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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David J Gross Neuroendocrine Tumor Laboratory, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg Neuroendocrine Tumor Laboratory, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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, Avniel-Polak et al . 2015 ). However, it has been shown that mTORC1 prevents the generation of autophagosomes and the initiation of autophagy through phosphorylation of ULK1; the administration of mTORi such as RAD001 inhibits mTORC1, preventing

Article Type:
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0121
Volume/Issue:
Volume 25: Issue 6
Free access
Kenzo Nakano
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Toshihiko Masui Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

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Akitada Yogo Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

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Yuichiro Uchida Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

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Asahi Sato Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

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Yosuke Kasai Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

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Kazuyuki Nagai Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

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Takayuki Anazawa
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Yoshiya Kawaguchi Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

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Shinji Uemoto Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

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required. Autophagy is a lysosomal degenerative pathway of organelles or foreign proteins that supplies amino acids to meet the metabolic demands of cells ( Klionsky & Emr 2000 ). Thus, the inhibition of autophagy is a potential target for treating

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-20-0028
Volume/Issue:
Volume 27: Issue 7
Free access
Justin S Gundara Cancer Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
Cancer Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research

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JingTing Zhao Cancer Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research

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Bruce G Robinson Cancer Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
Cancer Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research

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Stan B Sidhu Cancer Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research
Cancer Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research

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Introduction Autophagy is a eukaryotic cell process of self-catabolic degradation originally described in the 1960's ( Deter & De Duve 1967 ). The term autophagy is derived from Greek terminology ‘auto’ (meaning self) and ‘phagy’ (eating) to

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-12-0325
Volume/Issue:
Volume 19: Issue 6
Free access