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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genomics Research Center, Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genomics Research Center, Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genomics Research Center, Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genomics Research Center, Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genomics Research Center, Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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hypothesis proposed that there could be two possible tumor pathways in the carcinogenesis of ovarian carcinoma including type I and II tumors ( Kurman & Shih Ie 2010 ). Distinct gene methylation profiles may exist between these two types of tumor pathway
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, 2007 a ). The specific molecular mechanisms underlying PTC tumorigenesis driven by the BRAF mutation have not been well understood. This is particularly the case in epigenetic aspects. For example, the role of aberrant gene methylation and its extent
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abundant intraepithelial lymphocytes. Although they can be recognized in the H&E-stained section (A), they become much more evident in the CD3-immunostained section (B) (original magnification 250×). MMR gene methylation To investigate whether the loss of
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are summarized in Table 1 and individual tumour results are given in Table 2 (all methylation-positive tumours also demonstrated unmethylated alleles). The frequency of gene methylation varied from 8% ( FLIP ) to 82% ( HIC1 ), with methylation in
Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Endocrinology, Division of Radiobiology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Endocrinology, Division of Radiobiology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Endocrinology, Division of Radiobiology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Endocrinology, Division of Radiobiology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Department of Endocrinology, Division of Radiobiology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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methylation in human breast cancer . BMC Cancer 9 217 . ( doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-217 ). Xing M 2007 Gene methylation in thyroid tumorigenesis . Endocrinology 148 948 – 953 . ( doi:10.1210/en.2006-0927 ). Yin DT Wang L Sun J Yin F Yan
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Methylation is essential for embryonic development, however aberrant methylation of CpG islands associated with the tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) and leading to gene silencing is found in numerous tumour types. The TSG p16/CDKN2A is involved in the genesis of many tumour types and frequent methylation of the CpG island of the p16/CDKN2A gene is associated with loss of protein expression in pituitary tumours. In addition, CpG sites are mutational hotspots and abnormal methylation patterns have been shown to lead to genetic instability, predisposing to, and preceding allelic loss. Although several studies of pituitary tumours have shown loss of genetic material at known and putative TSGs loci, studies of the retained alleles have revealed infrequent mutation. Equally, for several other TSGs no mechanisms have been described for their reduced expression. Methylation may represent a unifying theme, responsible in some cases for an absence or reduced expression and in other cases predisposing to allelic loss that may or may not encompass a TSG. In several tumour types treatment of tumours or their cognate cell lines with demethylating agents induces expression of previously methylated genes. Using the mouse corticotroph cell line AtT20 as a model system, transfection studies showed restoration of growth control through induction of ectopically expressed p16/CDKN2A. These effects were reversed by prior in vitro methylation of the constructs' CpG sites within the coding region of this gene. Methylation of an otherwise unmethylated CpG island renders a gene transcriptionally incompetent and clinically these genes represent attractive therapeutic targets since the gene is neither lost nor mutated, but may be reactivated. Future studies will no doubt describe more efficacious pharmacological interventions and identify the mechanisms responsible for the abnormal methylation patterns seen in tumours including those of pituitary origin.
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Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and St Vincent's Clinical School, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydeny, New South Wales, Australia
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, GSTP1 , STRATIFIN and MDR1 ) in six consecutive serum samples from breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. A correlation between reduction in total gene methylation and reduction in tumor volume in the respondents group was observed
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Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital Athens University School of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Athens, Greece
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methylation of NIS promoter contributes to loss of iodide uptake, that is RAI resistance ( Xing 2007 ). It has been demonstrated that iodide uptake in dedifferentiated thyroid tumors is related to NIS gene methylation status ( Venkataraman et al. 1999
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body of evidence shows an association between specific gene methylation and clinicopathologic indicators of poor prognosis in CaP. We present a broad review of the major findings of these studies. In addition, we discuss recent investigations of genome
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Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine
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estrogen receptor α ( ESR1 ; Issa et al . 1994 , Ahuja et al . 1998 ). Association between gender and gene methylation was not assessed due to the small number of female control NC cases studied ( n =2). Evaluation of methylated loci as colonic