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G M Ross Academic Radiotherapy Unit, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.

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Ionising radiation remains one of the most effective tools in the therapy of cancer. It combines the properties of an extremely efficient DNA-damaging agent with a high degree of spatial specificity. Nonetheless, there remain considerable differences in the outcome for treatment of tumours of differing histological type treated by radiotherapy. Tumours arising from lymphoid or germ cells are significantly more radiocurable than most solid tumours of epithelial origin. The molecular mechanisms underlying such differences in cellular radiosensitivity are the subject of current research. When normal mammalian cells are subjected to stress signals--e.g. radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, oxygen deficiency--a range of gene products involved in the sensing and signalling of such stresses are activated. The response of eukaryotic cells to ionising radiation includes activation of DNA repair pathways and cell cycle checkpoints, with subsequent full 'biological' recovery or cell death. Radiation induces two different modes of cell death termed mitotic or clonogenic cell death, and apoptosis. Until recent years, there was surprisingly little mechanistic understanding of the events following induction of physical damage by radiation and biological outcome for the cell. There have been recent major advances in our understanding of the signal transduction pathways involved in determining the fate of cells after irradiation.

Article Type:
Abstract
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 1
Free access
Verónica A Bahamondes Lorca Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

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Shiyong Wu Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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hormone, and how this hormone induces radioresistance due to an increase in the capacity of cellular DNA repair. Radiation therapy of the hypothalamic–pituitary area and growth hormone deficiency Radiotherapy and growth hormone deficiency The

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-22-0371
Volume/Issue:
Volume 31: Issue 3
Restricted access
Vera Tiedje Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Martin Stuschke Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Frank Weber Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Henning Dralle Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Laura Moss Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, Wales, UK

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Dagmar Führer Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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characteristics were included in the PI: acute symptoms, tumor size >5 cm, distant metastasis and WBC > 10.000/mm³ (max. 4 points). ATC patients with low PI (≤1) were treated more aggressively with multimodal treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0435
Volume/Issue:
Volume 25: Issue 3
Free access
Maria L Sandoval Department of Radiation Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Ammoren Dohm Department of Radiation Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Kosj Yamoah Department of Radiation Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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. Identifier and trial name Patient group Estimated patient enrollment Standard arm Experimental arm Primary end point Estimated completion date Locally advanced Pca  Leuprorelin associated with radiotherapy vs

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-21-0073
Volume/Issue:
Volume 28: Issue 8
Free access
Christina Wei St George’s University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Elizabeth C Crowne Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK

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: location and type of cancer CNS tumours at the hypothalamic–pituitary (HP) region Adrenal tumours Treatment modality Radiotherapy Accumulative dose and fractionation schedule Location – cranial irradiation to tumours

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0217
Volume/Issue:
Volume 25: Issue 10
Free access
Wei Wei Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Houston, Texas, USA
Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Houston, Texas, USA

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Michael T Lewis Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Houston, Texas, USA
Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Houston, Texas, USA
Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Houston, Texas, USA

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properties in conferring drug resistance. Resistance to radiotherapy Malignant cells are usually rapidly dividing, and their DNA damage repair systems frequently fail to perform dependably ( Nie 2012 ). Therefore, malignant cell growth can be effectively

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-14-0447
Volume/Issue:
Volume 22: Issue 3
Free access
Cristina Capatina Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK

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Georgia Ntali Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK

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Niki Karavitaki Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK

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Ashley B Grossman Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK

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and possible misdiagnosis or unrecognised malignant potential should be borne in mind. Management The main treatment modalities for PGLs include surgery and radiotherapy (external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)). The

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0223
Volume/Issue:
Volume 20: Issue 5
Free access
Carmine Valenza Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy
Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Francesca Spada Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Francesco Multinu Division of Gynecologic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Lavinia Benini Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Michele Borghesani Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Laura Algeri Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Manila Rubino Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Eleonora Pisa Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Lorenzo Gervaso Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Chiara Alessandra Cella Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Silvestro Carinelli Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Simone Bruni Division of Gynecologic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Gabriella Schivardi Division of Gynecologic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Giuseppe Curigliano Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy
Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Vanna Zanagnolo Division of Gynecologic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Giovanni Aletti Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Gynecologic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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Nicoletta Colombo Division of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy

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Nicola Fazio Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, Milan, Italy

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, NCCN 2023 ). Generally, these patients undergo a multimodal treatment, including radical hysterectomy plus pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy with platinum salts and etoposide, and radiotherapy ( Gardner et al. 2011 , Satoh et al

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-23-0112
Volume/Issue:
Volume 30: Issue 10
Restricted access
Catherine Ory
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Nicolas Ugolin
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Céline Levalois
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Ludovic Lacroix CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France

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Bernard Caillou CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France

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Jean-Michel Bidart CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France

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Martin Schlumberger CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France

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Ibrahima Diallo CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France
CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France
CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France

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Florent de Vathaire CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France
CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France
CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France

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Paul Hofman CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France
CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France
CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France

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José Santini CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France

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Bernard Malfoy CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France
CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France
CEA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, INSERM ERI-21, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and CHU-CRLCC-UNSA Tumour/Tissue Bank of Nice Area, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institut Curie, CNRS, Université Paris VI, DSV, IRCM, LCE, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92265, France

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Sylvie Chevillard
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. 2007 ). Others studies found radiation-induced signatures in post-Chernobyl PTC ( Port et al . 2007 , Stein et al . 2010 ), but without blind validation of the signature. A recent study compared cell cycle protein expression in sporadic and post-radiotherapy

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-10-0205
Volume/Issue:
Volume 18: Issue 1
Open access
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Nancy Lee
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Michael Tuttle
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Overview External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been a controversial topic in the field of endocrinology, head and neck surgery, as well as radiation oncology. There is no consensus on who is a

Article Type:
Article Commentary
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-06-0039
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 4
Free access