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Jacob A Quaytman Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, N715, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

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Yuri E Nikiforov Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

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Marina N Nikiforova Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

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Elena Morariu Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

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Introduction Molecular testing has become an integral part of assessing the cancer risk of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. It can help prevent unnecessary diagnostic thyroid surgery for patients with such nodules and help

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-22-0061
Volume/Issue:
Volume 29: Issue 9
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Esra Karslioglu French Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Alyaksandr V Nikitski Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Linwah Yip Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Marina N Nikiforova Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Yuri E Nikiforov Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Sally E Carty Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Introduction Thyroid nodules are common and can be detected by ultrasonography in nearly 50% of the population, with higher frequencies in women and the elderly ( Guth et al. 2009 ). Cytological sampling of ultrasonographically suspicious

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-22-0041
Volume/Issue:
Volume 29: Issue 8
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Pablo Valderrabano Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Laila Khazai Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Marino E Leon Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Zachary J Thompson Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Zhenjun Ma Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Christine H Chung Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Julie E Hallanger-Johnson Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Kristen J Otto Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Kara D Rogers Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Barbara A Centeno Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Bryan McIver Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Introduction Several molecular marker tests are available to refine the diagnosis of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. Initially, these tests were classified as either ‘rule-in’ or ‘rule-out’ tests, depending on their ability to

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-16-0512
Volume/Issue:
Volume 24: Issue 3
Free access
M Niedziela Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Street 27/33, 60–572 Poznan, Poland

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Introduction Thyroid nodules are uncommon in children before puberty (1.5% or less) ( Kirkland et al. 1973 , Rallison et al. 1975 , Scott & Crawford 1976 , Yip et al. 1994 , Millman & Pellitteri 1997 ). Any nodule

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.00882
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 2
Free access
Guoliang Wang Department of Tumor and Immunology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China

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Na Ren Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Shengcai Wang Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xuexi Zhang Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yanzhen Li Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Nian Sun Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Qiaoyin Liu Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jie Zhang Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Wenqi Song Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xin Ni Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Introduction Sporadic thyroid nodules are uncommon in pediatric population compared to adults ( Gupta et al. 2013 , Francis et al. 2015 ). However, the malignancy rate of thyroid nodules is as high as one-fourth in children, significantly

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-20-0508
Volume/Issue:
Volume 28: Issue 4
Restricted access
Fadi Nabhan Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Matthew D Ringel Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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-driven medical care, a number of societies have established clinical guidelines for thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. These guidelines are composed of evidence-based recommendations for particular clinical scenarios after scholarly review and discussion of the

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-16-0432
Volume/Issue:
Volume 24: Issue 2
Free access
Pedro Weslley Rosario Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Tiara Grossi Rocha Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Gabriela Franco Mourão Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Introduction Thyroid nodules are common in the adult population. Initial assessment consists of excluding functionality and defining whether there is an indication for fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Usually, autonomous nodules, purely cystic

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-20-0326
Volume/Issue:
Volume 28: Issue 1
Free access
Carla Colombo Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Marina Muzza Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Gabriele Pogliaghi Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Sonia Palazzo Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Guia Vannucchi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Leonardo Vicentini Endocrine Surgery Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Giacomo Gazzano Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Laura Fugazzola Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Cytology is the gold standard method for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules, though the 25–30% of them are classified as indeterminate in categories III or IV of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-20-0511
Volume/Issue:
Volume 28: Issue 4
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Elizabeth J de Koster Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Willem E Corver Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands

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Wim J G Oyen Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy

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Dina Ruano Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Abbey Schepers Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Marieke Snel Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Tom van Wezel Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Dennis Vriens Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Hans Morreau Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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) and carcinoma (OCA) ( Lloyd et al. 2017 , Baloch et al. 2022 , WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board 2022 ). OCN are distinct from other types of thyroid nodules or differentiated thyroid carcinoma in their biological and clinical

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-23-0047
Volume/Issue:
Volume 30: Issue 9
Open access
Arivarasan Karunamurthy Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Federica Panebianco Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Susan J Hsiao Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Jennie Vorhauer Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Marina N Nikiforova Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Simion Chiosea Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Yuri E Nikiforov Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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factors ( Davies & Welch 2006 , Brito et al. 2013 , Jung et al. 2014 ). Cytological diagnosis of thyroid nodules using cells collected by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the most reliable way of cancer diagnosis, but a significant proportion of FNA

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-16-0043
Volume/Issue:
Volume 23: Issue 4
Free access