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Myungwoo Nam Department of Medicine, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Bronx, New York, USA

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Woojung Yang Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Hye Sung Kim Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Jewel Park Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

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Gahee Park Lunit Inc, Oncology group, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sukjun Kim Lunit Inc, Oncology group, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sanghoon Song Lunit Inc, Oncology group, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Chan-Young Ock Lunit Inc, Oncology group, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Victor G Wang Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA

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Jeffrey H Chuang Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA

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Young Kwang Chae Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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tumor mutational burden (TMB) are considered. This variability has also been observed in clinical trials focusing on thyroid cancers ( Arora et al. 2019 , Garcia-Alvarez et al. 2022 ). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be a potential

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-23-0110
Volume/Issue:
Volume 30: Issue 9
Restricted access
Lucas Leite Cunha Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Marjory Alana Marcello Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Laura Sterian Ward Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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, provides increased protection against subsequent reinfection with the same pathogen ( Murphy 2011 ). How do tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) interfere with tumor progression? CD4+ T cells are central to the successful orchestration of the immune

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0431
Volume/Issue:
Volume 21: Issue 3
Free access
Florian Bösch Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Katharina Brüwer Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Annelore Altendorf-Hofmann Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany

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Christoph J Auernhammer Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Department of Internal Medicine 4, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

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Christine Spitzweg Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Department of Internal Medicine 4, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

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C Benedikt Westphalen Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Department of Medicine 3 and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

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Stefan Boeck Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Department of Medicine 3 and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

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Gabriele Schubert-Fritschle Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Munich Cancer Registry (MCR) of the Munich Tumour Centre (TZM), Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

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Jens Werner Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Volker Heinemann Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Department of Medicine 3 and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

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Thomas Kirchner Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

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Martin Angele Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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Thomas Knösel Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

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survival rate of 8.8 months (CI 95%: 3.9; 13.6 months) compared to 30.3 months (CI 95%: 12.2; 48.4 months) ( P  > 0.05). Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier overall survival curves for patients divided into levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) ( P  < 0

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0494
Volume/Issue:
Volume 26: Issue 3
Free access
Mirela Diana Ilie Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
Endocrinology Department, ‘C.I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania

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Alexandre Vasiljevic Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
Pathology Department, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases HYPO, ‘Groupement Hospitalier Est’ Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France

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Emmanuel Jouanneau Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
Neurosurgery Department, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases HYPO, ‘Groupement Hospitalier Est’ Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France

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Gérald Raverot Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
Endocrinology Department, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases HYPO, ‘Groupement Hospitalier Est’ Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France

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). Here, we present an overview of immunotherapy in pituitary carcinomas and aggressive pituitary tumors, starting with the rationale for using this therapeutic option and the implications of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in anterior pituitary

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-22-0037
Volume/Issue:
Volume 29: Issue 7
Restricted access
Soomin Ahn Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Tae Hyuk Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Sun Wook Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Chang Seok Ki Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Hye Won Jang Department of Medical Education, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jee Soo Kim Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jung Han Kim Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jun-Ho Choe Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jung Hee Shin Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Soo Yeon Hahn Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Young Lyun Oh Department of Pathology and Translational genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jae Hoon Chung Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ERC-16-0421 . PD-L1 immunohistochemistry microscopy results were interpreted by two experienced pathologists (SA and YO). PD-L1 expression was evaluated in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. For tumor cells, positive PD

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-16-0421
Volume/Issue:
Volume 24: Issue 2
Free access
Frank Weber Department of General‐, Visceral‐ and Transplantations Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45130 Essen, Germany

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pro-oncogenic and immunosuppressive to the ability to induce an effective host anti-tumor response ( Guarino et al . 2010 , Gogali et al . 2012 ). Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer progression The field of immunology expands at rapid pace

Article Type:
Article Commentary
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-14-0229
Volume/Issue:
Volume 21: Issue 3
Free access
Lucas Leite Cunha Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Marjory Alana Marcello Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Vinicius Rocha-Santos Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Laura Sterian Ward Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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, hematological malignancies and solid tumors are frequently enriched with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in which PD-1 is markedly upregulated, whereas the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are expressed by various types of tumor cells, reinforcing the hypothesis that the

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0222
Volume/Issue:
Volume 24: Issue 12
Free access
Tom Lees Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Angharad Cullinane Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Alexandra Condon Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Abeer M Shabaan Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Matthew P Humphries Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Valerie Speirs Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

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de Vijver K Estrada MV Gonzalez-Ericsson PI , et al . 2017 Assessing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in solid tumors: a practical review for pathologists and proposal for a standardized method from the International Immunooncology Biomarkers

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0407
Volume/Issue:
Volume 25: Issue 7
Free access
Ziqiang Yuan Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Juliet C Gardiner Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Elaine C Maggi Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
Department of Genetics, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

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Shuyu Huang Microbiology and Immunology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Bronx, New York

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Asha Adem Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Svetlana Bagdasarov Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Guiying Li Department of Surgery, oy J and Lucille A. Carver University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Sylvia Lee Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Daniel Slegowski Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Alyssa Exarchakis Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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James R Howe Department of Surgery, oy J and Lucille A. Carver University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Edmund C Lattime Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Xingxing Zang Microbiology and Immunology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Bronx, New York

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Steven K Libutti Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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crucial roles in tumor development and clinical outcome. New clinical data show that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly CD4 and CD8 T-cells, are prognostic and predictive in human GINETs and PNETs, suggesting that T-cells play a major anti

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-20-0337
Volume/Issue:
Volume 28: Issue 2
Restricted access
Yu-Li Chen College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan

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Cheng-Yang Chou College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ming-Cheng Chang College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan

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Han-Wei Lin College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ching-Ting Huang College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan

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Shu-Feng Hsieh College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chi-An Chen College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan

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Wen-Fang Cheng College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen‐Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan

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underlying interaction between host immunity and tumor-associated cells is not clear ( Zhang et al . 2003 , Curiel et al . 2004 , Tomsová et al . 2008 ). The presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes has been positively correlated with survival in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-15-0145
Volume/Issue:
Volume 22: Issue 5
Free access