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E Baudin Endocrine Oncology Unit, Imaging Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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J Capdevila Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), IOB Quirón-Teknon, Barcelona, Spain

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D Hörsch ENETS Center of Excellence, Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH, Bad Berka, Germany

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S Singh Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, Sunnybrook HSC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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M E Caplin Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK

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E M Wolin Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

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W Buikhuisen Department of Thorax Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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M Raderer Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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E Dansin Thoracic Oncology Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France

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C Grohe Department of Respiratory Diseases, Evangelische Lungenklinik, Berlin, Germany

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D Ferone Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

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A Houchard Data and Insights Generation and Strategy, Ipsen, Boulogne-Billancourt, France

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X-M Truong-Thanh Medical Affairs, Ipsen, Boulogne-Billancourt, France

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D Reidy-Lagunes Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

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the SPINET Study Group
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the SPINET Study Group

Introduction Bronchopulmonary (BP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs; typical carcinoids and atypical carcinoids (TCs and ACs)) account for 20–25% of NETs and 1–2% of lung malignancies ( Öberg et al. 2012 , Filosso et al. 2018 , Baudin et al

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-23-0337
Volume/Issue:
Volume 31: Issue 9
Open access
Claire K Mulvey Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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Alan Paciorek Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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Farhana Moon Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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Paige Steiding Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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Brandon Shih Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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Matthew A Gubens Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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Li Zhang Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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Emily K Bergsland Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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Iona Cheng Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

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site after the gastrointestinal tract ( Modlin et al. 2003 ). Lung NETs have a wide spectrum of clinical behavior and a unique pathologic classification as either typical carcinoids (grade 1) or atypical carcinoids (grade 2) ( Travis et al. 2015

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-23-0068
Volume/Issue:
Volume 31: Issue 1
Open access
Luisella Righi
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Marco Volante
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Ida Rapa
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Veronica Tavaglione
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Frediano Inzani Division of Pathology, Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute and University of Milan, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy

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Giuseppe Pelosi Division of Pathology, Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute and University of Milan, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy

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Mauro Papotti
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choice for low-to-intermediate grade (i.e. typical carcinoids (TCs) or atypical carcinoids (ACs)) and localized tumors, while in HG and/or disseminated lesions chemotherapy is generally preferred ( Pelosi et al . 2006 , Garcia-Yuste et al . 2008

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-10-0157
Volume/Issue:
Volume 17: Issue 4
Free access
G Rindi
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C Klersy Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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F Inzani
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G Fellegara Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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L Ampollini Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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A Ardizzoni Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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N Campanini Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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P Carbognani Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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T M De Pas Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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D Galetta Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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P L Granone Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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L Righi Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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M Rusca Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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L Spaggiari Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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M Tiseo Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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G Viale Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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M Volante Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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M Papotti Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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G Pelosi Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Service of Pathology, Thoracic Unit, Medical Oncology Unit, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy

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, typical carcinoid; AC, atypical carcinoid; LCNEC, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; SCLC, small-cell lung carcinoma; RL, right lung; LL, left lung; T, tumor definition according to the American Joint Cancer Committee 2010 ( Edge et al . 2010 ); N

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0246
Volume/Issue:
Volume 21: Issue 1
Free access
H Klemen
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F M Smolle-Jüttner
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H H Popper
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ABSTRACT

Typical and atypical carcinoids are neuroendocrine epithelial lung tumours which are difficult to distinguish. Confusion has been introduced by designating atypical carcinoids as well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas and including some tumours which are large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.

We therefore investigated 32 typical and 23 atypical carcinoids of the lung, and 9 combined forms of atypical carcinoid and small cell carcinoma. The following parameters were each independently correlated in a multivariate analysis with 10-year survival data: nuclear and nucleolar polymorphism, mitotic counts, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, structural pattern, location of the tumours, immunohistochemistry, age and sex of the patients.

Typical carcinoids were characterized by an absence of vascular invasion and lymph node metastases, and a mean mitotic rate of 0.75/10 high power fields (HPFs), while atypical carcinoids were characterized by vascular invasion and/or metastases, a mean mitotic rate of 4.25/10 HPFs and nuclear pleomorphism. Combined forms of atypical carcinoid and small cell carcinoma were characterized by vascular invasion, metastases and a mean mitotic rate of 20.7/10 HPFs. Vascular invasion, lymph node metastases, mitotic counts and nuclear pleomorphism significantly correlated with 10-year survival data, whereas location, size and structural pattern of the tumour, age and sex did not correlate with survival. All tumours were positive for cytokeratins and at least two out of three general neuroendocrine markers. However, positive reactivity for different peptides, hormones, and neurotransmitters did not correlate with one of the structural subtypes of carcinoid or with patient survival.

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.0.0104053
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 4
Restricted access
Teresa Gagliano Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Mariaenrica Bellio Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Erica Gentilin Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Daniela Molè Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Federico Tagliati Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Marco Schiavon Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Narciso Giorgio Cavallesco Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Luigi Gaetano Andriolo Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Maria Rosaria Ambrosio Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Federico Rea Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Ettore degli Uberti Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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Maria Chiara Zatelli Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Section of Endocrinology, Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo ‘Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate’ (LTTA), Department of Cardiological, Department of Morphology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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and immunohistochemical diagnosis of TBCs, according to the WHO classification ( Travis & Brambilla 2004 ; Table 1 ). Table 1 Clinical characteristics of BC patients Patient no. Sex Age Side Diameter (cm) Histology TNM 1 M 38 dx 1.7 Typical carcinoid

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0042
Volume/Issue:
Volume 20: Issue 4
Free access
Guido Rindi Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
ENETS Center of Excellence, Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET) Center, Rome, Italy

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Frediano Inzani Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
ENETS Center of Excellence, Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET) Center, Rome, Italy

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any, mitotic activity and intense expression of the general neuroendocrine markers chromogranin A and synaptophysin. (A) Lung typical carcinoid; (B) pheochromocytoma; (C) insulinoma. (D, E and F) NEC displays a solid structure with abundant and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-20-0036
Volume/Issue:
Volume 27: Issue 6
Free access
Atsuko Kasajima Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

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Yuichi Ishikawa Pathology Department, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan

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Ayaka Iwata Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

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Katja Steiger Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

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Naomi Oka Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan

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Hirotaka Ishida Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

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Akira Sakurada Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

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Hiroyoshi Suzuki National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan

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Toru Kameya Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, Sizuoka, Japan

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Björn Konukiewitz Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

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Günter Klöppel Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

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Yoshinori Okada Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

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Hironobu Sasano Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

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Wilko Weichert Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
Member of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)

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. 2017 ). The study has been approved by the ethics committees of all participating institutions. Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of 225 patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the lung. N (%) Typical carcinoid N

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0427
Volume/Issue:
Volume 25: Issue 3
Free access
Mei Dong Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 426, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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James C Yao Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 426, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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clarification of criteria for atypical carcinoid and its separation from typical carcinoid . American Journal of Surgical Pathology 22 934 – 944 doi:10.1097/00000478-199808000-00003 . Walch AK Zitzelsberger HF Aubele MM Mattis AE Bauchinger M

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Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-10-0290
Volume/Issue:
Volume 18: Issue 3
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Atsuko Kasajima Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
Member of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany

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Günter Klöppel Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

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MiNEN c a Not included in criteria; b Amount of the non-NEN components is not defined; c Each component accounts for at least 30% of total tumor cell population. TC, typical carcinoid; AC, atypical carcinoid; LCNEC, large cell

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-20-0122
Volume/Issue:
Volume 27: Issue 11
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