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the cell cycle into the S phase is controlled by complexes formed by D-type cyclins and the CDK4 and CDK6 kinases, which phosphorylate and inactivate the RB tumor suppressor. In turn, RB inactivation releases the E2F transcription factors to promote
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controlled by the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Rb restricts progression from G 1 phase into S phase by binding and suppressing E2F transcription factors. This is overcome by cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) phosphorylation of the Rb protein, which leads
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Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, California, USA
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organs with paired clinical outcome data. Our analysis revealed that G3 NENs had gene expression profiles that did not easily segregate by organ, that they shared mutations in TP53 , RB1 , APC , CDKN2A , and in the CDK4/6 cell cycling pathway, and
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). In recent years, with the continuous innovation of therapies, the emergence of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors has brought new therapeutic directions for HR+, HER2− breast cancer. Globally marketed CDK4/6 inhibitors include
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inhibits progression into S phase. During G 1 /S phase, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate Rb; first CDK4/6 is activated by cyclin D1, D2, or D3 to phosphorylate Rb, followed by phosphorylation by CDK2 in complex with cyclin E1 or cyclin E2
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-dependent protein kinases four and six (CDK4/6) important for mediating phospho-RB-induced cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary or ‘checkpoint’ ( Fig. 1 ). Other well-characterized functions of D-type cyclins include sequestration of cell cycle inhibitors (p
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kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) Inhibit Palbociclib, ribociclib Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Inhibit Dovitinib An ever-growing arsenal of anticancer agents requires knowledge in optimal application for clinicians and patients to make
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Center for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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CDK4 hu-CDK4-F CTTCTGCAGTCCACATATGCAACA hu-CDK4-R CAACTGGTCGGCTTCAGAGTTTC CDK6 hu-CDK6-F TGGTGACCAGCAGCGGACAA hu-CDK6-R ACCACAGCGTGACGACCACT CDK2 hu-CDK2-F CCAGGAGTTACTTCTATGCCTGA hu-CDK2-R
Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine E, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel
Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine E, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel
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Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine E, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel
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Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine E, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel
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Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine E, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel
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Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine E, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel
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Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine E, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel
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triggered by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 4 and 6, by the D-type cyclins (cyclin D1–3) ( Sherr & Roberts 1995 ). Activated cdk4 and 6 phosphorylate retinoblastoma (Rb), which becomes inactivated and releases E2F factors ( Weinberg 1995
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membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore Corp., Billeria, MA, USA). The antibodies phosphorylated Rb (p-Rb, S780, 1:500 dilution), total-Rb (1:1000 dilution), Cdk4 (1:1000 dilution), Cdk6 (1:1000 dilution), p-Jak2 (Y1007/1008, 1:500 dilution), total-Jak2 (1