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Hyun Ho Han
Hyun Ho Han
Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Baek Gil Kim
Baek Gil Kim
Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Joo Hyun Lee
Joo Hyun Lee
Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Suki Kang
Suki Kang
Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ji Eun Kim
Ji Eun Kim
Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Nam Hoon Cho
Nam Hoon Cho
Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Global 5-5-10 System Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Global 5-5-10 System Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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et al . 2005 , Janni et al . 2011 ). Recurrence after long period of dormancy is especially common in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer ( Han et al . 2016 , Zhang et al . 2013 ). While estrogen receptor-negative (ER−) cancer rarely
John E Phay
John E Phay
Division of Surgical Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery
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Matthew D Ringel
Matthew D Ringel
Division of Surgical Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery
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stepwise model, influenced by the concepts of metastatic dormancy and cancer stem cells (CSC). Metastatic dormancy is defined as the ability of individual or small clusters of cancer cells to migrate to a distant site and then survive in a quiescent state
Carlos Cardenas
Carlos Cardenas
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Ayesha B Alvero
Ayesha B Alvero
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Bo Seong Yun
Bo Seong Yun
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gil Mor
Gil Mor
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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. The process involves four stages: (1) migration/recruitment to the ovaries; (2) seeding and establishment in the ovaries; (3) induction of a dormant cancer stage; and (4) expansion and tumor progression. Stages 1 to 3 occur during the reproductive age
Claudia Tulotta
Claudia Tulotta
Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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Penelope Ottewell
Penelope Ottewell
Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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metastatic breast cancer. Tumour cells arriving in bone undergo dormancy. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts secrete factors to maintain bone homeostasis (factors released by osteoblasts and osteoclasts are indicated in orange and purple, respectively). Bone
Marc Lacroix
Marc Lacroix
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subsequent invasion of organs in patients. The low proliferative activity or dormancy of individual DTC in BM of patients with non-metastatic cancer at the time of primary surgery ( Pantel et al. 1993 ), might explain the relative resistance of
Cassia Michael
Cassia Michael
Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Juliana Moreira Mendonça-Gomes
Juliana Moreira Mendonça-Gomes
Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Clinton Walton DePaolo
Clinton Walton DePaolo
Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Antonio Di Cristofano
Antonio Di Cristofano
Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Sofia de Oliveira
Sofia de Oliveira
Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Department of Medicine (Hepatology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Department of Medicine (Hepatology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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Introduction Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare, undifferentiated, and highly aggressive form of thyroid cancer associated with a poor prognosis. Although its incidence is low (i.e. ~3% of all thyroid cancer cases), it accounts for
Gina Chia-Yi Chu
Gina Chia-Yi Chu
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Haiyen E Zhau
Haiyen E Zhau
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Ruoxiang Wang
Ruoxiang Wang
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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André Rogatko
André Rogatko
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Xu Feng
Xu Feng
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Majd Zayzafoon
Majd Zayzafoon
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Youhua Liu
Youhua Liu
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Mary C Farach-Carson
Mary C Farach-Carson
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Sungyong You
Sungyong You
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Jayoung Kim
Jayoung Kim
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Michael R Freeman
Michael R Freeman
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Leland W K Chung
Leland W K Chung
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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Uro-Oncology Research, Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Departments of
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a new paradigm beyond the clonal expansion and evolution of cancer cells, where a population of metastasis-initiating PCa cells recruits and activates bystander cells, including ‘dormant’ cancer cells, through RANK-mediated signal amplification
Andrew M K Law
Andrew M K Law
Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Elgene Lim
Elgene Lim
Connie Johnson Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Christopher J Ormandy
Christopher J Ormandy
Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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David Gallego-Ortega
David Gallego-Ortega
Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Introduction In 1863 Rudolf Virchow, ‘the father of modern cellular pathology’, hypothesised a link between microinflammation and subsequent cancer development ( Balkwill & Mantovani 2001 ). The concept of harnessing the power of the immune
M Dowsett
M Dowsett
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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C Archer
C Archer
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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L Assersohn
L Assersohn
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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R K Gregory
R K Gregory
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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P A Ellis
P A Ellis
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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J Salter
J Salter
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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J Chang
J Chang
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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P Mainwaring
P Mainwaring
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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I Boeddinghaus
I Boeddinghaus
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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S R Johnston
S R Johnston
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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T J Powles
T J Powles
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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I E Smith
I E Smith
Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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The interaction between cell death and cell proliferation determines the growth dynamics of all tissues. Studies are described here which relate the changes in proliferation and apoptosis that occur in human breast cancer during medical therapeutic manoeuvres. Xenograft studies strongly support the involvement of increased apoptosis as well as decreased proliferation after oestrogen withdrawal, and limited studies in clinical samples confirm the involvement of both processes. Cytotoxic chemotherapy induces increases in apoptosis within 24 h of starting treatment. However, after 3 months therapy the residual cell population shows apoptotic and proliferation indices much below pretreatment levels. Further molecular studies of this "dormant" population are important to characterise the mechanism of their resistance to drug therapy. The early changes in proliferation and apoptosis may provide useful intermediate response indices.
Dean G Tang
Dean G Tang
Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Park Road 1C, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Park Road 1C, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
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Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Park Road 1C, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
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, estrogen may either promote or diminish BCSC activity. Nevertheless, anti-estrogen therapies seem to primarily target ER + breast cancer cells leading to enrichment of dormant ER − BCSCs, which could become ‘reactivated’ to mediate endocrine therapy
