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D M Peehl Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA

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Introduction Historically, in vitro cultures of human prostatic cells have been limited in availability and scope compared with those from many other organs. Three spontaneously established cell lines, PC-3,DU145andLNCaP, are by

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Ahmad M Alamri Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

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Keunsoo Kang Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea

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Svenja Groeneveld Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Weisheng Wang Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Xiaogang Zhong Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Bhaskar Kallakury Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Lothar Hennighausen Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Xuefeng Liu Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Priscilla A Furth Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Department of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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characteristics and progenitor cells from the original cancer are important goals for culture methodology. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of breast cancer serve as preclinical translational analogs for the study of breast cancer pathophysiology and

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Aura D Herrera-Martínez Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain

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Rosanna van den Dungen Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Fadime Dogan-Oruc Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Peter M van Koetsveld Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Michael D Culler Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

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Wouter W de Herder Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Raúl M Luque Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain

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Richard A Feelders Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Leo J Hofland Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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). Most cell-based assays use traditional 2D monolayer cell cultures on flat, rigid substrates. 2D monolayer cultures have some limitations, and it has been recognized that the effectiveness of drugs in 2D monolayer in vitro culture systems are often not

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Jue Shi Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China

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Timothy J Mitchison Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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-microtubule drugs and the spindle-targeting inhibitors. By further comparing the cell culture results with those from mouse tumor models, we would discuss potential therapeutic and toxic mechanisms of anti-mitotic drugs seen in the clinic. In our discussion of

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G Galli
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R Zonefrati
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A Gozzini
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C Mavilia
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V Martineti
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I Tognarini
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G Nesi
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T Marcucci
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F Tonelli
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M Tommasi
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C Casini Raggi
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P Pinzani
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M L Brandi
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the functional and growth properties of long-term cell cultures of an SST-secreting cancer (SS-C cells) obtained from a primary human somatostatinoma. We also evaluated the response of SS-C cells to various physiological and pharmacological agents

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Tullio Florio Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Federica Barbieri Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Renato Spaziante Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Gianluigi Zona Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Leo J Hofland Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Peter M van Koetsveld Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Richard A Feelders Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Günter K Stalla Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Marily Theodoropoulou Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Michael D Culler Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Jesse Dong Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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John E Taylor Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Jacques-Pierre Moreau Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Alexandru Saveanu Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Ginette Gunz Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Henry Dufour Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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Philippe Jaquet Departments of, Oncology, Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, IPSEN, Departments of Endocrinology, Biology and Genetics

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(D2R) and its isoforms (D2R long and D2R short ) mRNA, using real-time PCR on isolated adenoma cells, in culture. The functional role of these receptors was analyzed using [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation assay in the presence of various concentrations

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Mason A Lee Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
University School of Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Kensey N Bergdorf Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Courtney J Phifer Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Caroline Y Jones Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Sonia Y Byon Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Leah M Sawyer Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Joshua A Bauer Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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Vivian L Weiss Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

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/spheroid culture that closely recapitulates patient responses may lead to novel therapeutic discoveries for BRAF-wildtype disease. In the current study, we show that eight thyroid cancer cell lines readily form spheroids that represent unique morphology and drug

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Jun-ichiro Suzuki Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan

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Yasuko Murakami Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan

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Keijiro Samejima Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan

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Kohfuku Kohda Masahiro Ohtani Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan

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Takami Oka Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan

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pancreatic PANC-1 cells have been used as a model to study the process of pancreatic islet formation. Following brief trypsin treatment and culturing in a chemically defined serum-free medium (SFM), cells formed islet-like cell aggregates and expressed the

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Maho Shibata Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA

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Michael M Shen Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA

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identifying stem cell populations in the normal WT prostate epithelium have identified multipotent basal cells using cell culture assays as well as renal graft methods that involve the transplantation of epithelial cells together with supporting urogenital

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Peter M van Koetsveld Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Giovanni Vitale Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Richard A Feelders Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Marlijn Waaijers Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Diana M Sprij-Mooij Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Ronald R de Krijger Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Ernst-Jan M Speel Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Johannes Hofland Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Steven W J Lamberts Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Wouter W de Herder Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Leo J Hofland Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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observed in primary adrenal hyperplasia cells and adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) cultures. Finally, the interaction between the effects of IFN-β and IGF2 in primary ACC cultures was evaluated. Materials and methods Patients Adrenal tissue samples for in

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