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Antonino Belfiore Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario, località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

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Roberta Malaguarnera Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario, località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

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Introduction The insulin receptor (IR) and the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), both evolved from a common ancestor gene, represent fundamental regulators of glucose metabolism and growth, respectively, in response to nutrient availability. It is now well

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-11-0074
Volume/Issue:
Volume 18: Issue 4
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Aimee J Varewijck Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Room D‐443, 's‐Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joseph A M J L Janssen Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Room D‐443, 's‐Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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molecules) and finally into monomers. Monomers are the biologically active forms that bind to the insulin receptor (IR). Figure 1 Human insulin is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 5808 Da. The primary structure of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-12-0026
Volume/Issue:
Volume 19: Issue 5
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Carolin Maria Frisch
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Katrin Zimmermann
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Pia Zilleßen Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany

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Alexander Pfeifer
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Kurt Racké
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Peter Mayer Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany

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. 2009 ). Many tumor cells express insulin as well as insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1) receptors (IGF1R). According to the current state of knowledge, insulin-binding to the IGF1R, known to trigger mitogenic intracellular pathways, is a substantial

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-14-0581
Volume/Issue:
Volume 22: Issue 4
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J M Gee
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J F Robertson
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E Gutteridge
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I O Ellis
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S E Pinder
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M Rubini
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R I Nicholson
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if we are to treat effectively or even prevent this adverse state. Of some interest is ER and also growth factor receptor signalling pathways, notably the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER2 and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01005
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue Supplement_1
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V Costa
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D Foti
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F Paonessa
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E Chiefari
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L Palaia
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G Brunetti Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica ‘G. Salvatore’, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare c/o Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università di Catanzaro ‘Magna Græcia’, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

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E Gulletta
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A Fusco Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica ‘G. Salvatore’, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare c/o Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università di Catanzaro ‘Magna Græcia’, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

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A Brunetti
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peptide hormone insulin is a major regulator of glucose homeostasis and cell growth. The first step in insulin action is the binding of the hormone to the insulin receptor (IR), a phylogenetically ancient receptor protein embedded in the plasma membrane of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-07-0226
Volume/Issue:
Volume 15: Issue 1
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Aleksandra M Ochnik Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia

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Robert C Baxter Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia

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, in the inhibition of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-2 (HER2) in women with HER2-positive breast cancer and the blockade of EGF receptor kinase activity in non-small-cell lung cancer. In contrast, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-16-0218
Volume/Issue:
Volume 23: Issue 11
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Ran Rostoker Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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Sagi Abelson Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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Keren Bitton-Worms Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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Inna Genkin Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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Sarit Ben-Shmuel Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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Maria Dakwar Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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Zila Shen Orr Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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Avishay Caspi Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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Maty Tzukerman Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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Derek LeRoith Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel
Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel

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receptor (IR), but at supraphysiological concentrations, insulin can also activate the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Given the fact that both receptors belong to the same tyrosine kinase receptor subfamily, IR shares great structural

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-14-0490
Volume/Issue:
Volume 22: Issue 2
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Carly Jade Dool
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Haider Mashhedi
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Mahvash Zakikhani
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Stéphanie David
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Yunhua Zhao
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Elena Birman
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Joan M Carboni Department of Oncology, Oncology Drug Discovery, Lady Davis Research Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and Department of Oncology, McGill University, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2

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Marco Gottardis Department of Oncology, Oncology Drug Discovery, Lady Davis Research Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and Department of Oncology, McGill University, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2

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Marie-José Blouin
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Michael Pollak
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Introduction Experimental evidence that certain cancers are mitogenically responsive to insulin has been available for decades ( Heuson et al . 1967 ) and is consistent with recent work demonstrating growth inhibitory effects of insulin receptor

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-11-0136
Volume/Issue:
Volume 18: Issue 6
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Dawei Wu Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China

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Dongwei Lv Department of Sports Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China

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Ting Zhang Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China

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Lianying Guo Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China

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Fangli Ma Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China

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Caihua Zhang Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China

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Guofeng Lv Department of Sports Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China

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Lin Huang Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China

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patients is associated with hyperinsulinemia which stimulates the proliferation of epithelial cells ( Gualberto & Pollak 2009 , Pollak 2012 ). The holo-insulin receptor (IR) formation and the signaling of IR pathway is activated by IGF1R depletion ( Zhang

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0370
Volume/Issue:
Volume 26: Issue 2
Open access
Gail E de Blaquière The Medical School, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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Felicity E B May The Medical School, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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Bruce R Westley The Medical School, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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Introduction The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises two ligands (IGF-1 and IGF-2) as well as the closely related hormone insulin, six binding proteins (IGFBP1-6), three receptors (type I and type II IGF and the insulin receptors) and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-08-0216
Volume/Issue:
Volume 16: Issue 2
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