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Experimental models including xenografts and cell lines derived from multiple human tumors provide a critical foundation for preclinical cancer research. These are complemented by mouse models engineered to develop tumors that faithfully
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Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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60% of the tumors have been reported to metastasize ( Jochmanova et al. 2017 ). There is currently no cure after metastases occur. Further, there are few experimental models for pre-clinical testing of new treatments and no models that faithfully
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been found in MEN1 as individuals with the same MEN1 mutation may have different clinical presentations. To date, several animal models of MEN1, or having a MEN1-like phenotype, have been described. We here review the existing models but we also
Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Departments of Urology, Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Departments of Urology, Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Departments of Urology, Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Departments of Urology, Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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1969 , Helpap & Kollermann 1999 , Helpap et al . 1999 ). Animal models of prostatic NePC are essential for understanding the biology of NePC and developing more effective therapies. Multiple mouse models of NePC exist, and herein, we have reviewed
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Departments of Oncology, Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Research Building, Room 520A, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, USA
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vitro ( Holliday & Speirs 2011 , Wong & Chen 2012 ). Application of these cell lines to xenograft models has enabled a wide variety of in vivo studies examining response to therapy including anti-hormonal approaches ( Brodie et al . 2005 ). Norway
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hope that patients will have new and perhaps better therapeutic options. The goal of this review and other recent reviews ( Vitale et al . 2017 ) is to consider how simple model systems have contributed to our understanding of MEN2 and RET
The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Center for Cancer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Center for Cancer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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. In the case of some endocrine tumors, few if any reliable preclinical models exist to identify and study potential therapeutic interventions. In this mini-review, we focus our attention on describing several different approaches to creating 3D tumor
Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Introduction Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving adrenal carcinogenesis and the ability to develop new treatment options for patients has been severely limited by the lack of in vitro and animal models. Whereas benign
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progression of prostate cancer to castration-resistance is of fundamental importance for the development of reliable biomarkers and effective treatments. Studies using genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models have revealed that the normal prostate contains
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Department of Pathology, Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Department of Urology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Department of Pathology, Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Department of Urology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Department of Pathology, Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Department of Urology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Department of Pathology, Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Department of Urology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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poorly understood due to the lack of relevant animal models. Androgens play crucial roles in PCa oncogenesis and progression, hence, androgen ablation therapy (surgical or medical castration) is the standard of treatment. However, most PCa cases