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Edward B Alabraba
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Philippe Taniere Liver Research Group, Department of Pathology,, Endocrine Research Group,, Liver Unit,, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Gary M Reynolds
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Paul M Stewart Liver Research Group, Department of Pathology,, Endocrine Research Group,, Liver Unit,, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Stephen J Wigmore
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Simon R Bramhall Liver Research Group, Department of Pathology,, Endocrine Research Group,, Liver Unit,, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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confined to endocrine pancreas tissue ( Doglioni et al . 1990 , Viale et al . 1992 ). A decade ago, oestrogen receptor (ER) presence was demonstrated in pancreatic tumour tissue using radioligand binding assays and Scatchard analysis ( Greenway et al

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Cindy M Staka Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, UK

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Robert I Nicholson Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, UK

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Julia M W Gee Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, UK

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-line strategy in advanced postmenopausal oestrogen receptor α positive (ER+) breast cancer. They can also improve tumour response compared to tamoxifen when used first-line in advanced ER+ disease. Moreover, the updated analysis of the ATAC trial in early breast

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J M Gee
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J F Robertson
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E Gutteridge
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I O Ellis
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S E Pinder
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M Rubini
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R I Nicholson
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oestrogen receptor (ER) and brings about a receptor conformational change blocking AF-2 function. This inhibits proliferation of ER + breast cancer cells, resulting in therapeutic responses in ~60% of ER + patients. Tamoxifen has proved invaluable in the

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Charline Dubois Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Natacha Rocks Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Silvia Blacher Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Irina Primac Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Anne Gallez Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Melissa García-Caballero Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Céline Gérard Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Laurent Brouchet Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France

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Agnès Noël Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Françoise Lenfant INSERM UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires – I2MC, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France

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Didier Cataldo Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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Christel Pequeux Laboratory of Tumour and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège, Belgium

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abundant literature showing a direct pro-tumour impact of E2 on lung cancer cells expressing oestrogen receptors (ERs), little is known about its effects on lung tumour microenvironment, especially lymphangiogenesis or angiogenesis associated to lung cancer

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Dara O Kavanagh School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Marie McIlroy School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Eddie Myers School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Fiona Bane School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Thomas B Crotty School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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E McDermott School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Arnold D Hill School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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Leonie S Young School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Medicine and Medical Science, Endocrine Oncology Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

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-dose tamoxifen in multidrug resistant thyroid cancer. Oestrogens play a critical role in endocrine tumours, including those of the breast, prostate and thyroid. Oestrogen mediates its genomic actions through binding its nuclear receptor leading to transcription

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Leigh C Murphy
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Peter H Watson
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Introduction Oestrogens are pivotal in the growth and development of both normal and neoplastic mammary tissues ( Kelsey 1993 ), and mediate most of their action via ligand-dependent transcription factors called oestrogen receptors

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Georgios P Skliris Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Zoann J Nugent Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Brian G Rowan Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Carla R Penner Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Peter H Watson Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Leigh C Murphy Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Manitoba Breast Tumour Bank, Tumour Tissue Repository and Deeley Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine

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Introduction Oestrogen receptor (ERα) status of breast tumours is an imperfect marker of endocrine therapy response ( Osborne 1998 a , b ), and there is a need for more precise biomarkers of treatment response. ERα is regulated by post

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R I Nicholson Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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I R Hutcheson Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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S E Hiscox Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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J M Knowlden Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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M Giles Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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D Barrow Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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J M W Gee Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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Introduction In oestrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells, it is widely believed that locally and distally produced growth factors engage intracellular signalling pathways that productively cross-talk with oestrogen receptor (ER

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L-A Martin
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S Pancholi
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C M W Chan
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I Farmer
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C Kimberley
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M Dowsett
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S R D Johnston
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Introduction Most patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive advanced breast cancer who have relapsed on tamoxifen (TAM) are prescribed aromatase inhibitors. Unlike TAM, which competes with oestrogen for the ER, aromatase

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Nathan R West Deeley Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor Research, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5
Deeley Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor Research, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5

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Leigh C Murphy Deeley Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor Research, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5

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Peter H Watson Deeley Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor Research, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5
Deeley Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor Research, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5
Deeley Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor Research, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5

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Introduction Oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a central factor in breast cell biology and growth. As the primary transcription factor that mediates oestrogen signalling, ER is the linchpin of endocrine therapy and a feature that partly defines the

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