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C Spitzweg Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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P J Nelson Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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E Wagner Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for System-Based Drug Research, and Centre for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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P Bartenstein Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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W A Weber Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

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M Schwaiger Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

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J C Morris Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Introduction Based on its well-characterized role in radioiodine imaging and therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer, the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) represents one of the oldest targets for molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-21-0177
Volume/Issue:
Volume 28: Issue 10
Free access
Wei Li Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Thyroid Oncology Program, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA
Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Thyroid Oncology Program, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA

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Kenneth B Ain Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Thyroid Oncology Program, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA
Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Thyroid Oncology Program, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA

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Medicine and Molecular Imaging 29 842 – 854 . Pohlenz J Refetoff S 1999 Mutations in the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene as a cause for iodide transport defects and congenital hypothyroidism . Biochimie 81 469 – 476 . Pohlenz J Duprez

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-09-0156
Volume/Issue:
Volume 17: Issue 2
Free access
Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
Molecular Endocrinology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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Pilar Santisteban Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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Antonio De la Vieja Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Endocrine Tumors Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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characterized ( Dai et al. 1996 ). Nancy Carrasco’s group demonstrated that a sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) actively transports two ions of sodium along with one of iodide into the cells using the favorable gradient of Na + . NIS is localized in the

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-21-0217
Volume/Issue:
Volume 28: Issue 10
Free access
T Kogai
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K Taki
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G A Brent
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gland. Figure 2 Comparison of the human and rat sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene. (A) Three homologous regions (more than 60% homology) in the 5′-flanking region are shown. (B) Comparison of the NIS upstream enhancer (NUE) sequences of human and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01143
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Free access
Christina Schug Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Sarah Urnauer Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Carsten Jaeckel Clinical Biochemistry Group, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Kathrin A Schmohl Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Mariella Tutter Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Katja Steiger Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany

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Nathalie Schwenk Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Markus Schwaiger Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany

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Ernst Wagner Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Peter J Nelson Clinical Biochemistry Group, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Christine Spitzweg Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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MSCs as a tool to deliver therapeutic genes, such as the sodium iodide symporter ( NIS ), deep into tumor microenvironments ( Hagenhoff et al. 2016 , Melzer et al. 2016 ). NIS is an intrinsic transmembrane glycoprotein with 13 putative

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0173
Volume/Issue:
Volume 26: Issue 1
Free access
Zongjing Zhang Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA

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Dingxie Liu Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA

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Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA

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Zhimin Liu Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA

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Mingzhao Xing Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA

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with decreased or lost expression of thyroid iodide-handling genes in PTC, particularly sodium iodide symporter (NIS; Xing 2007 a , Kim et al . 2012 , Xing et al . 2013 a ), which is normally localized in the basal membrane of thyroid cells and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-13-0399
Volume/Issue:
Volume 21: Issue 2
Open access
Antonio De la Vieja Tumor Endocrine Unit, Chronic Disease Program (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
CiberOnc, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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Pilar Santisteban CiberOnc, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Department of Physiopathology of Endocrine a Nervous System, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain

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undoubtedly the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS protein and SLC5A5 gene), an integral basolateral (BL) plasma membrane glycoprotein that actively accumulates I − driven by the electrochemical gradient of Na+ across the membrane ( Levy et al . 1998 ). NIS can

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0515
Volume/Issue:
Volume 25: Issue 4
Free access
Guo-Qiang Zhang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chuang Xi Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chen-Tian Shen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Hong-Jun Song Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Quan-Yong Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Zhong-Ling Qiu Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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cases progress to radioiodine-refractory disease–PTC (RR–PTC), which has a 10-year survival rate of less than 10% ( Durante et al. 2006 ). Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS; solute carrier family 1 member 5) is constitutively expressed on the basolateral

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-23-0130
Volume/Issue:
Volume 30: Issue 9
Restricted access
Camille Buffet Sorbonne Université, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs endocrine, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°16 Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Johanna Wassermann Sorbonne Université, Service d’Oncologie, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°16 Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Fabio Hecht Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Laurence Leenhardt Sorbonne Université, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs endocrine, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°16 Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Corinne Dupuy UMR 8200 CNRS, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay et Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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Lionel Groussin INSERM Unité 1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
Université de Paris, Paris, France
Department of Endocrinology, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°16 Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France

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membrane of normal and tumoral thyroid epithelial cells of a symporter, the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), that transports two sodium ions and one iodide ion into the cytosol. Iodide is then handled by an iodine-metabolizing machinery that concentrates

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-19-0491
Volume/Issue:
Volume 27: Issue 5
Free access
Cristina Romei Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Raffaele Ciampi Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Pinuccia Faviana Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Laura Agate Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Eleonora Molinaro Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Valeria Bottici Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Fulvio Basolo Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Miccoli Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Furio Pacini Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Aldo Pinchera Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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Rossella Elisei Departments of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oncology, Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, AMBISEN Center, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy

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receptor (TSH-R), sodium iodide symporter gene (NIS), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and PAX-8; Elisei et al . 1994 , Arturi et al . 1998 ). The dedifferentiation process is responsible for a worse prognosis in these PTCs as they are usually

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-07-0130
Volume/Issue:
Volume 15: Issue 2
Free access