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How and when to use temozolomide to treat aggressive pituitary tumours Temozolomide is an oral chemotherapy which has an established role in treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and has since 2006 been used to treat aggressive and malignant
U1149 – University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, AP-HP, DHU UNITY, Beaujon University Hospital, Clichy, France
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Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, AP-HP, DHU UNITY, Beaujon University Hospital, Clichy, France
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U1149 – University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Department of Digestive Oncology, AP-HP, DHU UNITY, Beaujon University Hospital, Clichy, France
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Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, AP-HP, DHU UNITY, Beaujon University Hospital, Clichy, France
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Department of Pathology, AP-HP, DHU UNITY, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France
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Introduction Evidences suggesting the efficacy of temozolomide (TEM), a DNA-alkylating agent, in advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are accumulating ( Kulke et al. 2006 , Ekeblad et al. 2007 , Strosberg et al. 2011
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many researchers, clinical endocrinologists and neurosurgeons is to find other options of treatment, especially in cases of large, invasive and recurrent tumors and pituitary carcinomas. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent used
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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(MTIC). Temozolomide (TMZ) is the oral prodrug which is non-enzymatically converted to MTIC. Direct comparisons of therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and TMZ have been conducted in melanoma and found to be similar ( Middleton et al. 2000 , Patel et
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Australian multicenter CONTROL NETs randomized phase II study (NCT02358356) reported a similar 15-month PFS in both arms (90% for 177 Lu-octreotate and 92% for 177 Lu-octreotate, capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM)) ( Pavlakis et al. 2020 ). The long
Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France
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Department of Pathology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Bichat/Beaujon University Hospitals (APHP), and Université de Paris, Clichy/Paris, France
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Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France
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Department of Pathology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Bichat/Beaujon University Hospitals (APHP), and Université de Paris, Clichy/Paris, France
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Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France
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Department of Pathology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Bichat/Beaujon University Hospitals (APHP), and Université de Paris, Clichy/Paris, France
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)), dacarbazine (DTIC) (alone or combined with 5FU ( Walter et al. 2015 , de Mestier et al. 2019 )) and its oral prodrug temozolomide (TMZ) (alone or combined with capecitabine (CAP) ( Koumarianou et al. 2015 , de Mestier et al. 2020 b ). However
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Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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alkylating agent temozolomide plus the antimetabolite capecitabine (CAPTEM) has increasingly been evaluated and is now endorsed as an option for patients with advanced pancreatic and pulmonary NET who are candidates for chemotherapy ( Pavel et al. 2020
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Introduction Chemotherapy regimens containing the oral alkylating agent temozolomide are active in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs), with response rates ranging from 30 to 70% ( Kulke et al . 2006
Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, INSERM, Paris, France
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Department of Pathology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Bichat/Beaujon University Hospital, Paris/Clichy, France
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Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, INSERM, Paris, France
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Department of Pathology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Bichat/Beaujon University Hospital, Paris/Clichy, France
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Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, INSERM, Paris, France
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). Combinations of alkylating agents (dacarbazine (DTIC) or temozolomide (TEM)) and fluoropyrimidines (5-fluorouracil (5FU) or capecitabine (CAP)) have been found to be effective in this setting, with an objective response rate of between 40 and 50% and median
Guys Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Kings College London, London, UK
Endocard LTD, London, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
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adenoma demonstrated in their series a high Ki-67 index, rapid growth, frequent recurrence and resistance to conventional treatments and/or temozolomide ( Dai et al. 2016 ). The specific criteria include proposed tumour infiltration of the adjacent